Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot (SIRI 2025)

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 TARJIMA JARAYONLARIDA Qo‘LLANILADIGAN SUN’IY INTELLEKTLAR: ULARNING AFZALLIKLARI VA KAMCHILIKLARI, TARJIMA JARAYONIDA TA’SIRI Zoirova Azizabonu Anvar Qizi O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti, tarjimonlik fakulteti, azizazoirova107@gmail.com Annotatsiya: Sun'iy intellektning tarjima jarayonida qo‘llanilishi, zamonaviy tarjimonlar uchun katta imkoniyatlarni yaratdi, ammo shu bilan birga, bir qator kamchiliklarga ham ega. Tarjima jarayonida sun'iy intellekt tizimlari, masalan, avtomatik tarjima dasturlari (Google Translate, DeepL va boshqalar), matnlarni tez va samarali tarjima qilish imkonini beradi. Ular ko‘plab tillarni o‘rganish va ularni o‘zaro bog‘lashda yordam beradi, lekin ular ham bir qancha cheklovlarga ega. Birinchi kamchilik, sun'iy intellektning semantik aniqlikni va madaniy kontekstni to‘liq anglamaslikdir. Ko‘pincha, sun'iy intellekt tizimlari tilning nozikliklarini, jumladan idiomatik ifodalar, latifa yoki tilning madaniy kontekstini tushunmasliklari mumkin, bu esa tarjima sifatiga salbiy ta'sir qiladi. Shuningdek, sun'iy intellektning o‘rgangan ma'lumotlari faqat o‘ziga yuklangan ma'lumotlar bazasi bilan cheklangan bo‘lib, u tilning yangi shakllari yoki so‘z boyligini yaxshi anglamasligi mumkin. Shu bilan birga, sun'iy intellekt tarjima jarayonini tezlashtirishda va takroriy vazifalarni bajarishda yordam beradi, bu esa inson tarjimonlarini yanada ijodiy va murakkab vazifalar uchun yo‘naltirish imkonini yaratadi. Natijada, sun'iy intelektning tarjima jarayoniga ta’siri ikki tomonlama bo‘lib, u samaradorlikni oshiradi, lekin ba'zan noaniqliklar va tarjima xatoliklarini keltirib chiqaradi. Su’niy intelektlar har doim ham aniq va to‘liq tarjima qila olmaydi. Shu bilan birgalikda insonlarning ichki kechinmalari, hissiyotlari, ekspressiv jihatlarini yetarlicha yorita olmaydi. Ayniqsa badiiy tarjima jarayonlarida, emotsional hissiyotlarni ifodalashda tushunmovchiliklarni keltirib chiqaradi. Ushbu maqola o‘z ichiga tarjima jarayonidagi sun’iy intellektlar roli, kamchilik, afzallilklari haqidagi muammo va yechimlarni yoritishni qamrab olgan. Kalit so‘zlar: Sun’iy intellekt, tarjima, asliyat matn, Google, DeepL, kontekst, badiiy tarjima, inson omili, tarjima, so‘zma-so‘z tarjima (literal) Asosiy matn Tarjima — bu bir tilni boshqa tilga o‘zgartirish jarayoni bo‘lib, unda ma'lumot yoki ma'no saqlanib qoladi. Tarjima, asosan, ikki tilda ham to‘liq tushunish va aniq ifodalanishni ta'minlashga qaratilgan. Tarjima jarayoni faqat so‘z yoki iboralar o‘zgartirilishidan iborat bo‘lmay, balki original matnning ma'nosi, tuzilishi, leksikasi va konteksti hisobga olinadi. Tarjima ilmiy yoki san'atsal bo‘lishi mumkin va ko‘plab sohalarda, jumladan, adabiyot, huquq, ilm-fan, va biznesda keng qo‘llaniladi. Tarjimada qo‘llaniladigan turli uslublar va yondoshuvlar mavjud, chunki ba'zi hollarda literal tarjima (so‘zma-so‘z tarjima) o‘rinli bo‘lsa, boshqalarda esa, ma'noni to‘liq saqlagan holda, erkin tarjima qilish talab etiladi. Tarjima jarayonida tarjimonning til bilimi, madaniy va kontekstual tushunchalari muhim ahamiyatga ega, chunki to‘g‘ri va samarali tarjima qilish uchun ma'lum bir tilning grammatikasi, uslubi va ijtimoiy kontekstini chuqur tushunish zarur. Tarjima nafaqat tilning o‘zgartirilishi, balki 721

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot ma'no va madaniy qadriyatlarning ham uzluksiz o‘tishini ta'minlashi kerak. Bugungi kunda avtomatik tarjima vositalari, masalan, Google Translate va DeepL kabi sun'iy intelekt tizimlari yordamida tarjima jarayoni tezlashgan, ammo bu tizimlar ba'zida kontekstual noaniqliklarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Shuning uchun inson tarjimoni hamon muhim rol o‘ynaydi, chunki u tilning nozik jihatlarini va madaniy kontekstni to‘g‘ri anglash imkoniga ega. Badiiy tarjima jarayonlarida, ekspressiv, emotsional jarayonlarda asosan inson tarjimasining roli katta. Sun’iy intellekt hissiyotga ega emas va aniqki, tarjima jarayonida manbaning asliyatini ochiq- oydin chiqarib bera olmaydi. Bu tarjima jarayonida ko‘plab kamchiliklarni keltirib chiqaradi. Sun'iy intellekt (SI) - bu kompyuterlar yoki mashinalar tomonidan insonning aqliy faoliyatini taqlid qilishga harakat qiladigan ilmiy va texnologik soha. Sun'iy intellekt o‘zining dastlabki rivojlanishidan boshlab, bir necha asrlar davomida taraqqiyot qildi. Bugungi kunda, SI sohasida mashina o‘rganish (machine learning), tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash (NLP), va chuqur o‘rganish (deep learning) texnologiyalari keng qo‘llaniladi. Sun'iy intellektning maqsadi - mashinalarga insonning bilimlarini, tajribasini va qaror qabul qilish jarayonlarini o‘rganish va ulardan foydalangan holda masalalarni hal qilish imkoniyatini yaratishdir. Tarjima - bu bir tildan boshqa tilga matn yoki nutqni o‘girish jarayoni. Tarjima tarixan insonlar tomonidan amalga oshirilgan, ammo so‘nggi yillarda sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalari bu jarayonni sezilarli darajada o‘zgartirdi.Sun'iy intellekt yordamida tarjima tizimlari, masalan, Google Translate va DeepL, inson tarjimonlarining o‘rnini egallashga yaqinlashmoqda. Bu tizimlar mashina o‘rganish va tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash usullariga asoslangan. Dastlab, bu tizimlar oddiy so‘z va iboralarning tarjimasiga imkon berar edi, ammo hozirda ular matnning semantikasi va kontekstini yaxshiroq tushunib, yanada aniqroq tarjimalar taklif qilmoqda. Nevro-tarmoq asosida tarjima - bu sun'iy intellektning eng ilg‘or sohalaridan biri bo‘lib, mashina o‘rganish va chuqur o‘rganish usullarini qo‘llaydi. NMT tizimlari so‘zlar o‘rtasidagi bog‘lanishlarni chuqur o‘rganadi va matnning aniq ma'nosini chiqarishga qodir. Ushbu texnologiya hozirda yuqori sifatli tarjimalarni taqdim etishga imkon beradi. Tarjima sohasida sun'iy intellektning rivojlanishi katta yutuqlarga erishgan bo‘lsa-da, ba'zi cheklovlar ham mavjud. Misol uchun, sun'iy intellektning kontekstni to‘liq tushunishdagi cheklovlari, ba'zi lug‘aviy va grammatik xatoliklar, hamda madaniy xususiyatlarni hisobga olmaslik kabi muammolar mavjud. Biroq, SI texnologiyalari doimiy ravishda takomillashib bormoqda va bu sohadagi samaradorlikni oshirayotganini ko‘ramiz. Sun'iy intellekt (SI) tarjima jarayonida sezilarli rol o‘ynayapti. Shu bilan birga, uning foydalari va zararlarini ham baholash muhim. Quyida sun'iy intellektning tarjima jarayonidagi aralashuvi Sun'iy intellektning tarjima jarayonidagi aralashuvi : Tezlik va samaradorlik: Foyda: SI yordamida tarjima jarayoni sezilarli darajada tezlashdi. Avvalgi usullarga qaraganda, masalan, mashina tarjimasi yordamida tarjima qilish, inson tarjimoniga qaraganda ancha tez amalga oshiriladi. Bu, ayniqsa, katta hajmdagi matnlar bilan ishlashda juda foydalidir. Global aloqalarni osonlashtirish: Sun'iy intellektga asoslangan tarjima tizimlari odamlar orasidagi lingvistik to‘siqlarni kamaytiradi. Bu, xalqaro hamkorlik va kommunikatsiyani osonlashtiradi, shuningdek, tilni bilmasdan ham boshqa madaniyatlar bilan o‘zaro aloqani ta'minlaydi. 722

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 Keng miqyosdagi tarjima: Foyda: SI yordamida, o‘zaro tillardagi tarjimalarni amalga oshirishda keng imkoniyatlar yaratilmoqda. Masalan, Google Translate dunyoning ko‘plab tillarini qo‘llabquvvatlaydi va bu tillar orasida tarjima qilish imkonini beradi. Sun'iy intellektning tarjima jarayonidagi zararlari Kontekstni tushunishdagi Zarar: Hozirgi kunda sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalari matnni yuqori darajada tarjima qilishda muvaffaqiyatli bo‘lsa-da, ba'zi kontekstual ma'lumotlarni tushunishdagi cheklovlar mavjud. Masalan, odatda an'anaviy yoki madaniy jihatdan o‘ziga xos iboralar, shuningdek, ko‘plab sinonimlar, sun'iy intellekt tomonidan noto‘g‘ri tarjima qilinishi mumkin. cheklovlar: Madaniy xususiyatlarni inobatga olishdagi kamchiliklar: Zarar: Sun'iy intellekt ba'zida madaniy kontekstni hisobga olishda qiyinchiliklarga duch keladi. Shunday qilib, tarjima jarayonida ayrim madaniy nozikliklar va tilning xususiyatlari e'tiborga olinmaydi. Bu esa tarjimaning noaniqligi yoki noto‘g‘ri talqin qilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Grammatik xatoliklar: Zarar: Sun'iy intellekt tizimlari matnning grammatik tuzilishini to‘g‘ri va mukammal tushunmasligi mumkin. Shu sababli, tarjima qilishda grammatik xatoliklar paydo bo‘lishi mumkin, ayniqsa, murakkab tuzilgan jumlalar yoki grammatik qoidalar aniq tushunilmasa. Birinchi darajali tarjima qobiliyati yo‘qligi: Zarar: Sun'iy intellekt mashinalari, ba'zi sohalarda, masalan, adabiy tarjima yoki maxsus mutaxassisliklar (huquq, tibbiyot va boshqalar) uchun inson tarjimonlariga qaraganda pastroq natijalar ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Sun'iy intellekt texnologiyasi hali ham murakkab va nozik tahlilni amalga oshira olmaydi. Ish o‘rinlarining yo‘qolishi: Zarar: Sun'iy intellektning rivojlanishi bilan tarjimonlar, ayniqsa, umumiy yoki avtomatik tarjimalar bilan ishlovchi mutaxassislar uchun ish imkoniyatlari kamayishi mumkin. Bu, o‘z navbatida, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Tarjima jarayonidagi sun'iy intellekt asosida yuzaga keladigan kamchiliklar va ularning yechimlari haqida quyida batafsil ma'lumotlar berilgan. Bu yechimlar sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarini rivojlantirish va takomillashtirish orqali tarjima jarayonini yanada aniq va samarali qilishga yordam beradi. 1. Kontekstni tushunishdagi cheklovlar Muammo: Sun'iy intellekt tizimlari ko‘pincha so‘zlar va iboralar o‘rtasidagi kontekstual aloqalarni to‘liq tushunmasligi mumkin. Bu, ayniqsa, murakkab, ko‘p ma'noli iboralar yoki madaniyatga xos iboralarga tegishli bo‘lsa, noto‘g‘ri tarjimaga olib kelishi mumkin. Yechimlar: Transformer modellarini takomillashtirish: Transformer arxitekturalari (masalan, BERT, GPT) matnning kontekstini yaxshiroq tushunish uchun yaratilgan. Bu modellarda 723

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot so‘zlarni faqat ular joylashgan o‘rnida emas, balki butun matn bo‘yicha kontekstni inobatga olish imkoniyati mavjud. Kengaytirilgan transformer modellarini (masalan, GPT-4) sun'iy intellektli tarjima tizimlariga qo‘llash bu muammoni kamaytiradi. Kontekstual analiz va o‘qish: Sun'iy intellektga asoslangan tarjima tizimlarida kontekstual o‘qish (contextual reading) imkoniyatlarini rivojlantirish. Bu, tizimlarga matnning umumiy maqsadiga mos keladigan aniq va to‘liq tarjimani taqdim etish imkonini beradi. Inson va SI aralashmasi (Human-in-the-loop): Ba'zi murakkab kontekstual vaziyatlarda, sun'iy intellektni inson tarjimoni bilan birgalikda ishlatish. Inson tarjimoni sun'iy intellekt tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan tarjimani tekshirib, uni yaxshilashi va to‘g‘rilashi mumkin. 2. Madaniy xususiyatlarni inobatga olishdagi kamchiliklar Muammo: Sun'iy intellekt ba'zan madaniy kontekstni e'tiborga olmaydi, bu esa tarjimalarning madaniy nozikliklar va an'analar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Bu, masalan, muayyan so‘zlar yoki iboralar faqat ma'lum bir madaniyatga xos bo‘lsa, siqilishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Yechimlar: Madaniy kontekstni o‘rganish (Cultural Context Learning): Sun'iy intellektni madaniy kontekstni tan olish va o‘rganish uchun maxsus algoritmlar bilan rivojlantirish. Bu tizimlarni faqat grammatikani emas, balki madaniy va ijtimoiy omillarni ham hisobga olishga o‘rgatadi. Misol uchun, "salom" so‘zi bir madaniyatda rasmiy, boshqasida esa noformal bo‘lishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, sun'iy intellekt madaniy xususiyatlarni tushunishi kerak. Madaniyatga xos trening ma'lumotlari (Cultural-Specific Training Data): Tarjima tizimlarini o‘rgatish jarayonida madaniyatga xos materiallar va ma'lumotlardan foydalanish. Madaniyatga xos iboralar, idiomalar va an'analarni o‘rganish, sun'iy intellektning madaniy farqlarni hisobga olishiga yordam beradi. Madaniyatni inobatga olish uchun maxsus modellar: Madaniy ma'lumotlarni o‘rganish va tahlil qilish uchun alohida, maqsadga yo‘naltirilgan modellar yaratish. Masalan, ingliz tilidan koreys tiliga tarjima qilishda madaniyatga xos iboralarning farqini hisobga olish. 3. Grammatik xatoliklar Muammo: Sun'iy intellekt tizimlari ba'zida grammatikani to‘g‘ri tushunmasligi mumkin, bu esa tarjimalarda xatoliklarga olib keladi. Bu ko‘pincha murakkab va teskari grammatikalarga ega tillar uchun yanada jiddiy bo‘ladi. Yechimlar: Grammatika tahlilini kuchaytirish (Grammar Enhancement): Grammatikani yaxshilash uchun ilg‘or **grammatik tahlil tizimlari (grammar analysis tools)**ni joriy etish. Mashina o‘rganish va chuqur o‘rganish yordamida grammatik qoidalarning yanada mukammal tushunilishi kerak. Bu tizimlarni yanada rivojlantirish orqali grammatika bo‘yicha xatoliklarni kamaytirish mumkin. 724

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 Post-editing (PE) yordamida yangilash: Sun'iy intellekt yordamida tarjima qilingan matnni so‘nggi tahrirlashni amalga oshirish. Bu tizimlar yordamida grammatika va stilni yaxshilash uchun inson tarjimonlaridan yoki tajribali tahrirchilardan foydalanish mumkin. Rekurrent neyron tarmoqlardan foydalanish: Rekurrent neyron tarmoqlari (RNN) va ularning ilg‘or shakllari (LSTM, GRU) grammatik xatoliklarni kamaytirish uchun samarali bo‘lishi mumkin, chunki ular matnning tuzilishini chuqurroq tahlil qiladi va grammatik qoidalarga muvofiq tarjima qiladi. Xulosa Xulosa qilib aytadigan bo‘lsak, tarjima jarayonlarida sun’iy intellekt rolining o‘ziga xos muhim jihatlari va kamchilik jihatlari ham bor. Afzallik jihatlari sifatida tezlik va samaradorlikni misol qilib aytishimiz mumkin. SI tizimlari katta miqdordagi matnni tezlika tarjima qiladi va bu vaqtni tejashda yordam beradi. Doimiy va keng miqiyosda ishlatilganda , SI tizimlari tarjimonlarga nisbatan arzonroq hisoblanadi. Keng sohalarda qo‘llana oladi meditsina, huquq, ilm- fan va boshqalar. Kamchilik jihatlarini ayatdigan bo‘lsak, semantik, konteksual xatoliklar ba’zi kontekstni to‘g‘ri tushunmaslig yoki semantik xatoliklar qilishi mumkin. Ijtimoiy va madaniy noaniqliklar ba’zi tillarda yoki madaniyatlarda mavjud bo‘lgan maxsus so‘z yoki iboralarni to‘g‘ri tarjima qilmaslik kabi muammolar kelib chiqadi. Adabiyotlar 1. Russell, S. J., P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A Modern Approach. Person. 2. (2017). Attention is All You need. ArXiv 3. Koehn, P. (2017). Neural Machine Translation. Cambridge University Press. 4. Google Research Blog.(2016) 725

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot YANGI O‘ZBEKISTONDA TA’LIMGA E’TIBOR VA OLIB BORILAYOTGAN ISLOHOTLAR Ko‘LAMI Qilichova Odina Umid qiz, To‘xtayeva Matluba Xakim qizi “Gumanitar fanlar” kafedrasi, University of management and future technologies, matlubatuhtaeva9@gmail.com Annotatsiya: Har qanday mamlakatning kuchi fuqarolarining intellektual salohiyati, fikrlash doirasi, ma’naviy yetuklik jihatidan belgilanadi. Albatta, bu uchun o‘sha davlatning ta’lim tizimi rivojlangan bo‘lishi va ilm-fanning yanada takomillashuvi uchun barcha shartsharoitlariga to‘laqonli javob berishi kerak. Bu yo‘lda esa mamlakatimizda ta’lim tizimiga aloqador bir qator islohotlar olib borilmoqda. Kalit so‘zlar: “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida” qonun, Oliy ta’lim, Kadrlar toifasi, “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta’lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash to‘g‘risida”gi farmoni, modernizatsiya. Kirish Yangilanayotgan O‘zbekistonda islohatlar tobora takommilashib bormoqda. Xususan, ta’lim to‘g‘risidagi so‘nggi ma’lumotlarga qarasak, prezidentimiz Sh.M.Mirziyoyev tomonidan 2020-yil 23-sentabrda “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida” [1]gi yangi qonun tahriri imzolandi. Qonunga muvofiq ta’lim turlari quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi: • Maktabgacha ta’lim va tarbiya – bolalarni o‘qitish va tarbiyalashga, ularni axloqiy, ma’naviy , estetik, jismoniy jihatdan rivojlantirishga, shuningdek, kichik yoshli bolalarni umumiy o‘rta ta’limga tayyorlovchi ta’lim turi. Bu nafaqat kichik yoshli, balki olti yoshdan yeti yoshgacha bo‘lgan bolalarni boshlang‘ich ta’limga bir yillik majburiy tayyorlab berishni ham ko‘zda tutadi; • Umumiy o‘rta ta’lim va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim – umumiy o‘quv dasturlarini , bilim, malaka, savodxonlik ko‘nikmalarni yetarlicha o‘zlashtirishini ta’minlash, o‘qitish, o‘rgatish. Yetti yoshdan qabul qilingan har bir bola dastlab boshlang‘ich sinf (1-4) ni o‘qiydi. Keyingi bosqich 5-11-sinflarni o‘z ichiga qamrab oladi. Xulosa qilib aytadigan bo‘lsak, ushbu ta’lim majburiy holda o‘n bir yil davomida amalga oshiriladi. • Professional ta’lim – bu boshlang‘ich, o‘rta, o‘rta-maxsus bosqichlarga bo‘linadi. Kasb-hunar maktablari, kollejlari, texnikumlari har bir ta’lim oluvchining o‘zi tanlagan kasbga va mutaxassislikka ega bo‘lishiga xizmat qiladi. Yana bir narsani ta’kidlash mumkinki, fuqarolar shartnoma asosida ikkinchi professional ta’limni o‘qiy oladilar; • Oliy ta’lim – o‘z navbatida bakalavriat va magistratura bosqichlarini qamrab oladi. Bakalavriat ta’limi chuqurlashtirilgan malaka, bilim, ko‘nikma beradigan, o‘qish davomiyligi 3,4 yoki undan ko‘p bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan, magistratura esa 1 yoki 2 yil muddatda aniq mutaxassislik bo‘yicha shakllantirilgan ta’lim tizimi; • Oliy ta’limdan keyingi ta’lim – doktorlik dissertatsiyasini yoqlash, himoya qilish, ilmiy izlanish olib borish ,mutaxassislikni chuqur o‘rganib tadqiqot olib borish. Maqsadi – 726

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 mustaqil izlanuvchanlik asosida ilmiy darajaga ega ilmiy va ilmiy-pedagogik kadrlarni tayyorlab berish; • Kadrlarni qayta tayyorlash va ularning malakasini oshirish bo‘yicha – kadrlar malakasini oshirish,kasbiy bilim, malaka, ko‘nikma chuqurlashishi hamda yangilanishini ta’minlaydi. Kadrlar toifa, darajasi, lavozimi bilan shug‘ullanadi. 1997- yilda O‘zbekistonda 59 ta oliy o‘quv yurti, 75 ta kollej, 258 ta o‘rta maxsus o‘quv yurti faoliyat yuritdi. 1998-2000yillarda mamlakatda 160000 o‘quvchiga mo‘ljallangan 47 ta akademik litsey va 260 ta kasbhunar kollejlari qurilgan. Shu maqsadlar uchun 135mlrd so‘m sarflandi. 2000-yil boshiga kelib, mamlakatimizda 61 ta oliy, 75 ta kollejlarda 360 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil oldi. O‘zbekistonda 2006-yilda 9748 ta maktab bo‘lib , ularda 5 926 860 ta o‘quvchi ta’lim oldi. 2018- yilda “El-yurt umidi” jamg‘armasi tashkil etildi. Ushbu jamg‘arma chet elda faoliyat ko‘rsatayotgan, shuningdek, iqtidorli yoshlarning rivojlangan mamlakatlarda ta’lim olishi, malaka oshirishiga ko‘maklashadi. Bularning barchasi o‘z hududiy sektorlariga va alohida bo‘limlariga ega bo‘lib, o‘sib kelayotgan avlodning barcha eng yaxshi imkoniyatlarini o‘zida namoyon qiladi. Yoshlar qanday kasb tanlashidan qat’iy nazar ularning ilm o‘rganishdagi darajasi oshishida va ish, kasb ko‘nikmasining yanada takomillashuvida o‘rni ahamiyatga molik. 2018- yil 5-iyundagi “Oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ta’lim sifatini oshirish va ularning mamlakatda amalga oshirilayotgan keng qamrovli islohotlarida faol ishtirokini ta’minlash bo‘yicha qo‘shimcha chora-tadbirlar to‘g‘risida”gi qarori ta’lim tizimida yangi bosqich shakllantirgan desak, mubolag‘a bo‘lmaydi. Oliy ta’lim tizimida yetarli shart sharoitlar yaratilishiga va ta’lim muassasalari oldidagi to‘siqlarning bartaraf qilinishiga doir bir qancha chora-tadbirlar belgilandi. Bundan tashqari, 2019-yil 8-oktabrda “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta’lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash to‘g‘risida”gi farmoni oliy ta’limni modernizatsiya qilish bilan birga, ilg‘or ta’lim texnologiyalariga asoslangan holda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tarmoqlarini rivojlantirishni ham ko‘zda tutadi. Uning maqsadli ko‘rsatgichlari: Xorijiy oliy ta’lim muassasalari dasturlari asosida o‘qitish tashkil qilingan OTMlar soni 23 tadan 45 taga ko‘payadi. o‘quv va ilmiy adabiyotlarining elektron shaklini yaratish 20 foizdan 30 foizga oshiriladi, magistratura mutaxassisligi bitiruvchilari ilmiy faoliyatga yo‘naltirish 15 foizdan 45 foizga ko‘tariladi. Xorijda malaka oshirgan professor-o‘qituvchilarning ulushi 2 foizdan 20 foizga ko‘tariladi. Muhandislik-texnik ta’lim yo‘nalishlarida tehsil olayotgan talabalar ulushi 20 foizdan 50 foizga ko‘paydi. 2019-yilda aholini oliy ta’limga qamrab olish 20 foizni tashkil etgan bo‘lsa, 2030- yilga borib 50 foizga oshadi. Yangilanayotgan O‘zbekistonda ta’lim sifatini nazorat qilish va ta’limdagi islohatlar natijasi shuni ko‘rsatadiki kredit- modul tizimi joriy etiladigan ta’lim muassasalari soni ham 2 tadan 85 taga ko‘payadi. Prezidentimiz ta’kidlaganlaridek: “Farzandlarimiz maktabdan qanchalik bilimli bo‘lib chiqsa, yuqori texnologiyalarga asosolangan iqtisodiyot tarmoqlari shuncha tez rivojlanadi, ko‘plab ijtimoiy muammolarni yechish imkoni tug‘iladi. Shunday ekan, Yangi O‘zbekiston ostonasi maktabdan boshlanadi desam, o‘ylaymanki, butun xalqimiz bu fikrni qo‘llab quvvatlaydi”. Ushbu konsepsiya mazmuni mamlakatimiz oliy ta’lim tizimini isloh qilishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlarini belgilab beradi. Pirovardida, O‘zbekistonda yuqori malakali mutaxassislar soni oshishiga va oliy ma’lumotli qatlamning ko‘payishiga sababchi bo‘ladi. Sog‘lom raqobatning bo‘lishi o‘rta va o‘rta-maxsus ta’limni bitirgan o‘quvchilarning oliy ta’lim 727

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot sari qadam tashlashiga yordam beradi. Bu uchun oliy ta’limning kredit-modul tizimini yo‘lga qo‘yishi ayni muddaodir. Chunki o‘qish jarayonida kredit bo‘lishi har bir talabaning kelajakda mustaqil shaxs sifatida ishlashiga, ijtimoiy hayotda erkin fikrini bildira olishiga, axborotlarni mustaqil o‘zlashtirib tahlil qila olishiga va uni kerak o‘rinda qo‘llay bilish mahoratini o‘zida mujassamlashtirishiga va eng asosiysi duch kelgan muammoni hal qiladigan, jamiyatda o‘z o‘rniga ega kadr sifatida shakllanishiga sababchi bo‘ladi. Xulosa Xulosa qilib shuni aytishim mumkinki, Yangilanayotgan O‘zbekistonda ta’lim sohasida olib borilayotgan har bir islohot o‘zining dolzarbligi va ahamiyati jihati bilan boshqa sohalardan aslo qolishmaydi. Chunki bu - davr talabi va istiqbolli vazifasidir. Adabiyotlar 1. Shavkat Mirziyoyevning “Tanqidiy tahlil qat’iy tartib-intizom va shaxsiy javobgarlik har bir rahbat faoliyatining kundalik qoidasi bo‘lishi kerak” nomli kitobi 2. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5657199. Ўзбекистон республикаси Миллий Қонунчилик базаси. 3. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-6445145 4. Qonunchilik ma’lumotlari milliy bazasi, 13.08.2021-y., 09/21/511/0793-son; 22.07.2022-y., 09/22/396/0656-son; 25.05.2023-y., 06/23/76/0296-son) 728

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 AI AS AN ASSISTANT FOR TRANSLATORS Aldanova Guljakhon, Bakirova Khilola Uzbekistan State World Languages University, aldanovag.kz@gmail.com, ms.khilola@bk.ru Annotation: In today’s rapidly evolving digital world, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly significant role in various fields, including translation. This paper explores how AI-powered tools such as DeepL, Google Translate, and ChatGPT assist human translators in improving efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. While AI has not yet fully replaced human translators, it has become an essential support system, offering instant translations, suggesting synonyms, and even analyzing context. This research discusses the benefits and limitations of AI in translation, its impact on the profession, and future prospects for AI-human collaboration in the translation industry. Keywords: AI, translation, machine translation, human-AI collaboration, linguistic technology Introduction Artificial intelligence has long ceased to be science fiction and is actively being introduced into everyday life. In translation activities, AI technologies offer new approaches and methods that can significantly change the traditional methods of translators. One of the key advantages of AI translators is their ability to process large volumes of text in the shortest possible time. This is especially important in the context of globalization, when intercultural communication is becoming increasingly intense. Modern AI systems, such as Google Translate and Microsoft Translator, have already proven their effectiveness in solving everyday translation tasks. However, despite the advantages, the introduction of AI into translation activities raises a number of questions and requires careful analysis. In this article, we will consider both the positive and negative aspects of using AI technologies in translation, and also assess their impact on the professional sphere of translators. Translation tasks. However, this model cannot process large volumes of text and after some time may lose the context of the narrative, which may affect the quality of the translation. In order for ChatGPT to provide a high-quality professional translation, the model must be trained through prompts (requests), which can take a lot of time. It can be said that each of the presented AI systems offers significant advantages in translation activities, despite them, the implementation of AI is also associated with a number of challenges and limitations. AI may have difficulty understanding cultural nuances and contextual features, which sometimes leads to incorrect translations. Also, we should not forget about the issue of privacy and data protection. The quality of AI translation largely depends on the volume and quality, which can negatively affect the accuracy of the translation. The implementation of AI opens up new horizons for improving the efficiency and quality of translation, but requires a careful approach to solving emerging challenges and limitations. In the future, with the right implementation and development of AI 729

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot technologies, translation activities can reach new heights, providing more accurate and faster communication between cultures and peoples. AI Technologies and Services 1. Natural Language Processing (NLP) NLP, a branch of AI, enables computers to analyze, understand, and generate human language. Some widely used NLP applications include: a) Chatbots and Virtual Assistants These tools improve human-computer interaction by enhancing mutual understanding. Chatbots use NLP and machine learning algorithms to comprehend user inputs, extract relevant information, and generate appropriate responses. Examples include Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, and ChatGPT, which function as chatbots and virtual assistants. Siri: Developed by Apple, Siri is a voice assistant integrated into iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, and tvOS. It allows users to send messages, make calls, play music based on preferences, answer questions, and perform various tasks. Alexa: Created by Amazon, Alexa operates on devices such as Echo, Echo Dot, Echo Show, and Echo Plus. Users can ask questions, control smart home devices, watch series, find locations, and place orders. Google Assistant: Developed by Google, this voice assistant is used on mobile devices, Google Home, and other smart gadgets. It helps users search for information, respond to queries, retrieve stored data, organize events, play music, and perform other tasks. ChatGPT, a type of AI, is employed by educators, marketers, and various organizations as a text-based assistant capable of answering questions. Additionally, it assists users with document review, service orders, and information retrieval. These chatbots serve as virtual assistants, offering different features. Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant primarily rely on voice-based interactions, while ChatGPT functions as a textbased assistant. All of them improve user convenience and efficiency by providing handsfree interaction. Other AI-powered translation tools include Google Translate, DeepL, and Microsoft Translator. Google Translate: Uses AI and translation technologies to convert text from one language to another. It analyzes words, phrases, and sentences, leveraging machine learning to improve accuracy. Google Translate relies on an extensive database, AI, and translation models to ensure reliable results. DeepL: Utilizes AI models to provide highquality translations, analyzing the text's original meaning and structure for accurate outputs. Microsoft Translator: Covers multiple languages and delivers high-quality translations using AI models, assessing text structure, morphology, and semantics. Microsoft also employs additional evaluation algorithms such as "Human Parity" to compare results with human translations. DeepL and Microsoft Translator offer superior translation accuracy and continuously improve their services. However, they still face challenges such as incorrect interpretations of complex phrases and context-based errors. 2. Computer Vision 730

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 Computer vision enables machines to analyze and interpret visual data from the world. Some well-known computer vision applications include: a) Facial Recognition This AI technology identifies and verifies individuals based on facial images. Facial recognition systems use complex algorithms and data analysis to process images and detect unique facial features. Example: FaceID (developed by Apple) is used for facial recognition on iPhones and iPads. Below, I will explain in detail the advantages and disadvantages of a number of AI programs used in translation, and how they work. Table 1. AI-based Translation Tools analysis AI tools usage Advantages Disadvantages Google translate Translates text, speech and images into 100+ languages in real-time Extensive language support fast and free to use-Integration on with Google services Struggles with complex sentences and idioms. DeepL High-quality Translator text translation Less accurate for low-resource languages Highly rated for accuracy. Supports fewer languages than Better understanding of Google Translate. context. Some advanced features Ability to adjust formal require payment and informal tones Microsoft Text, speech, Integration with Microsoft Translator and real-time products. translations. Can translate live conversations Yandex Translate Text and speech translation with offline support. iTranslate Mobile app for Voice translation feature. text, voice, and Offline mode available website translation. SayHi Translation accuracy varies by language. May struggle with nuanced expressions Strong Russian and Less accurate for less Eastern European commonly used languages. language support. Weaker AI-based context Works offline in mobile understanding compared to apps DeepL Free version features. limited Less accurate for complex phrases Specializes in Real-time speech-to- Limited voice speech translation. features. translation for User-friendly interface conversations. 731 has text translation

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot Requires connection Amazon Translate AI-powered text translation for businesses Scalable for amounts of text. an large Not designed everyday use. internet for casual Good for technical and Requires AWS integration business translations IBM AI-powered Customizable for specific Requires technical setup. Watson translation for industries. Not as user-friendly as Language enterprises. Can handle complex consumer translation apps Translator documents AI has transformed various aspects of life, offering innovative solutions and reshaping industries. Key AI advancements include natural language processing, computer vision, autonomous transportation, and medical applications. As AI continues to evolve, its potential to enhance efficiency and decision-making across industries will only expand. References 1.Kidar A.A. Translation of specialized texts using modern machine translation / A.A. Kidar, D.A. Glinsky // Youth. Science. Innovations. - 2024. - Vol. 2. - P. 103-110. 2. Maslova Zh.N. Possibilities of using artificial intelligence technology in the field of machine translation / Zh.N. Maslova // Applied artificial intelligence: prospects and risks: Collection of reports of the International scientific conference, St. Petersburg, October 17, 2024. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2024. - P. 270-272. 3. Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications by Richard Szeliski. 2010 4. Deep Learning for Computer Vision by Rajalingappaa Shanmugamani. 2018 732

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 HOW TRAVELING ABROAD IMPROVES LANGUAGE LEARNING Qodirova Farangiz Habibullo qizi Karshi State University, kodirovafarangiz@113.email Abstract: In today’s interconnected world, the ability to communicate in multiple languages has become a key asset in both personal and professional development. Among the various methods of language learning, traveling abroad offers one of the most immersive and impactful experiences. By living in a country where the target language is spoken, learners are able to engage with the language in authentic contexts, accelerating their fluency and comprehension. This article examines the significant advantages of traveling abroad for language acquisition, including cognitive, social, and cultural benefits, as well as the role of modern technology in supporting language learning abroad. Keywords:Language learning, immersion, travel, cultural competence, fluency, communication, foreign language acquisition, study abroad, multilingualism, cognitive development, technology in language learning. Introduction While language classrooms provide essential foundational knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, these structured environments often lack the real-world challenges and nuances that one encounters in everyday conversations. Traveling abroad, on the other hand, offers unparalleled opportunities to learn through immersion, where learners are surrounded by the language, customs, and lifestyles of native speakers. This immersive environment pushes learners to apply their language skills in practical, real-life situations, accelerating their progress in ways that textbooks alone cannot. Moreover, the impact of immersion is not just limited to language learning—it extends to cognitive development, emotional growth, and the cultivation of cultural awareness. In this article, we will explore the multiple dimensions of how traveling abroad enhances language learning, as well as the technologies that further complement this process.One of the key cognitive benefits of learning a language abroad is the brain's increased ability to process and retain new information. Unlike classroom learning, where lessons may be limited to set topics and vocabulary, immersion involves constant exposure to the target language in unpredictable and varied contexts. This forces learners to pay closer attention to the language they hear and use, improving their ability to process linguistic input. Methods Research has shown that learners who study abroad experience enhanced cognitive flexibility. According to Dörnyei (2005), bilinguals are better at switching between tasks, focusing attention, and solving problems compared to monolinguals, thanks to the constant mental switching between languages. Furthermore, Kroll and Bialystok (2013) found that immersion helps increase the density of gray matter in the brain, particularly in areas 733

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot responsible for language processing. This is an indication that the brain becomes more efficient at managing and retrieving linguistic information. Additionally, immersion promotes long-term memory retention. Constant interaction with the language creates stronger neural connections, leading to quicker recall and deeper understanding. This results in a more intuitive grasp of grammar and vocabulary, making it easier for learners to communicate without relying on explicit rules or translations.Language learning often involves overcoming psychological barriers such as the fear of making mistakes and the anxiety of speaking in public. Immersion environments, however, present numerous opportunities for learners to engage in conversations without the pressure of classroom evaluations. The natural, informal exchanges that occur in cafes, shops, or public spaces create an environment where learners are encouraged to experiment with language, make mistakes, and learn from them.MacIntyre & Gardner (1991) highlight that frequent real-world conversations significantly reduce communication apprehension. Over time, learners develop greater self-confidence and fluency. This process of trial and error, along with the support and understanding from native speakers, fosters a sense of security and resilience in language learners. Result Moreover, living abroad also fosters emotional growth. Learners not only improve their communication skills but also gain greater emotional intelligence as they navigate a new culture. They learn how to express themselves in culturally appropriate ways, as communication styles often differ greatly from those in their home country. This deeper emotional and social learning enables students to connect with others in meaningful ways, further enhancing their language acquisition.One of the most powerful aspects of language learning abroad is the opportunity to gain cultural competence. Language is deeply intertwined with culture, and understanding the social, historical, and cultural context in which a language is used is critical to becoming truly proficient. Byram (1997) argues that effective language learning goes beyond mastering vocabulary and grammar; it requires an understanding of cultural practices, values, and interpersonal dynamics. By participating in local customs, festivals, and social activities, learners not only acquire linguistic skills but also develop a broader worldview and cultural sensitivity. For example, in a country like Spain, language learners may not only study Spanish but also become familiar with local food customs, societal values, and holiday traditions, all of which provide valuable context for interpreting the language. This cultural immersion enriches the learner’s experience and helps them internalize the language, making it a living part of their identity. Additionally, intercultural communication skills are essential in today’s globalized world, where interactions with people from different backgrounds are increasingly common. Through immersion, learners develop the ability to navigate these intercultural exchanges with sensitivity and understanding, which is highly valuable in both personal and professional settings. While immersion in a foreign country remains one of the most effective ways to learn a language, modern technology plays a crucial role in supporting and enhancing this experience. Advances in technology offer learners the ability to supplement their immersion 734

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 with additional resources, enabling them to maintain language practice long after returning from their travels. Mobile apps like Duolingo, Babbel, and Memrise allow learners to practice grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation on-the-go. These tools provide bite-sized lessons that learners can complete in their spare time, ensuring that language acquisition continues outside of traditional classroom settings.Virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) are also making their way into language learning. VR technologies, for example, allow learners to immerse themselves in virtual language environments where they can engage in realistic conversations with AI-driven characters. Godwin-Jones (2019) highlights how VR can simulate real-world interactions, allowing learners to practice language in lifelike scenarios, from ordering food in a restaurant to attending a business meeting. Discussion Furthermore, AI-powered language models, such as those used in chatbots, enable learners to engage in dynamic conversations, receiving immediate feedback and corrections. These technologies, when combined with physical immersion, create a comprehensive language learning experience that maximizes exposure to the target language and culture. Despite the numerous benefits, learning a language abroad also presents challenges that learners must navigate. Adapting to a new culture and environment can be overwhelming at first, and it may take time to adjust to local accents, slang, and informal speech patterns. Additionally, the pressure of using a new language in real-time situations can sometimes be stressful.However, as Krashen (1982) suggests, exposure to diverse linguistic registers helps learners build adaptability and comprehension skills. The initial discomfort of not fully understanding everything is an integral part of the learning process, pushing learners to become more resourceful and resilient in their language use. To mitigate these challenges, it is essential for learners to remain proactive in seeking opportunities for practice. Engaging in language exchange programs, participating in community events, and maintaining regular contact with native speakers, either through social media or language meetups, can all help learners reinforce their skills and combat language attrition. Conclusion Traveling abroad is one of the most effective and transformative ways to acquire a foreign language. The immersive experience accelerates fluency, enhances cognitive function, and fosters cultural competence, all of which contribute to more effective and meaningful communication. While technology complements immersion by providing additional learning tools, the real-world exposure to language in its natural context remains irreplaceable.Given the increasing importance of multilingualism in the global job market, educational institutions should encourage students to engage in study abroad programs, internships, and cultural exchanges. By combining immersive experiences with technological advancements, language learners can achieve a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of both language and culture, paving the way for future success in our interconnected world. 735

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot References 1. Bialystok, E. (2017). Bilingualism in Development: Language, Literacy, and Cognition. Cambridge University Press. 2. Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Pergamon. 3. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 4. Godwin-Jones, R. (2019). Language Learning in Virtual Reality: Immersive Technologies and the Future of Education. CALICO Journal, 36(1), 1-24. 736

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNI TARBIYA QILISHDAGI OMILLARNING AHAMIYATI XUSUSIDA Madraximova Irodaxon “Universitiy of economics and pedagogy” universiteti, Boshlang`ich ta`lim yo`nalishi Andijon viloyati, Andijon shahri Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni tarbiyalashning ahamiyati, uning asosiy omillari va zamonaviy yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Oila, maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari va milliy qadriyatlarning bolaning axloqiy va ma’naviy shakllanishiga bo‘lgan ta’siri batafsil yoritilgan. Bundan tashqari, innovatsion texnologiyalar, didaktik o‘yinlar va ijodiy mashg‘ulotlar orqali bolalarda ijodkorlik va ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishning samaradorligi ko‘rsatilgan. Maqola maktabgacha ta’lim sohasida faoliyat olib borayotgan pedagoglar, ota-onalar hamda tadqiqotchilar uchun mo‘ljallangan. Kalit so‘zlar: Maktabgacha yosh, tarbiya, oila tarbiyasi, milliy qadriyatlar, innovatsion texnologiyalar, didaktik o‘yinlar, axloqiy tarbiya, ma’naviy tarbiya, Montessori metodikasi, ijodiy mashg‘ulotlar, ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalar. Kirish Maktabgacha yosh bolalarning tarbiyasi har bir jamiyatning kelajagini belgilashda asosiy ahamiyatga ega. Bu davrda bola shaxsining asosi – intellektual, axloqiy, ruhiy va jismoniy rivojlanishi shakllanadi. Shu sababli, tarbiya jarayonida xalq pedagogikasi va zamonaviy yondashuvlarni uyg‘unlashtirish katta ahamiyat kasb etadi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining maktabgacha ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha qabul qilgan qaror va dasturlari mazkur mavzuning dolzarbligini ko‘rsatadi. Bugungi globallashuv davrida bolalarni milliy qadriyatlar asosida tarbiyalash va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish zaruriy bo‘lib qolmoqda. Maqola T.O. Tursunovning “Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar pedagogikasi” va N.N. Jo‘rayevning “Maktabgacha ta’limda innovatsion texnologiyalar” asarlariga asoslanadi. Bu asarlar bolalarning shaxsiy rivojlanishida oilaning va maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari ta’sirini chuqur yoritadi. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni tarbiyalash bo‘yicha turli nazariyalar va amaliy tajribalar mavjud. L.N. Tolstoy, M. Montessori kabi mutafakkirlarning fikrlari va zamonaviy tadqiqotchilarning ishlari mazkur sohani chuqur yoritadi. Biroq, har bir mintaqaviy yoki milliy xususiyatlar asosida mavzuni yana-da keng o‘rganish lozim. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning tarbiyaviy ehtiyojlari va ularga ta'sir qiluvchi omillarni o‘rganish. 1.Bolalarning ruhiy va jismoniy rivojlanishiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan omillarni aniqlash. 2. Tarbiya jarayonida oilaning va pedagoglarning rolini o‘rganish. 3. Tarbiyaviy yondashuvlarni zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish. 737

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot 1. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar rivojlanishining o‘ziga xosliklari. Maktabgacha yosh (0-7 yosh) bolalar hayotining eng faol rivojlanish davri hisoblanadi. Shu davrda bolalarning: Jismoniy rivojlanishi: Bolaning sog‘lom o‘sishi uchun faol harakatlar, sport mashg‘ulotlari va muvozanatli ovqatlanish muhimdir. Ruhiy rivojlanishi: Ular dunyoni his qilish, idrok qilish va tushunish qobiliyatlarini rivojlantiradi. o‘yinlar orqali hayotiy tajriba orttiradi. Axloqiy-ijtimoiy rivojlanishi: Shu yoshda bolalar o‘zini o‘zi tutish qoidalarini, axloqiy qadriyatlarni va ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarni o‘rganadi. Masalan, mehribonlik, o‘zaro yordam va odoblilik kabi tushunchalar shakllanadi. 2. Tarbiya jarayonidagi muhim omillar. Bolalarni to‘g‘ri tarbiyalashda quyidagi asosiy omillar muhim rol o‘ynaydi: a) Oila muhitining ta’siri. Oila bolalar tarbiyasida birlamchi muhitdir. Ota-onaning munosabati, xulq-atvori va qadriyatlari bolaning shaxsiyatiga bevosita ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.Tarbiya jarayonida ota-onalarning mehribonligi, sabr-toqati va farzandga bo‘lgan e’tibori katta ahamiyatga ega. Bolaning o‘ziga ishonchi oiladagi psixologik muhitga bog‘liq. b) Pedagogik yondashuvlar. Tarbiya jarayonida o‘yinlar eng samarali vositalardan biridir. Bolalar o‘yin orqali atrof-muhitni bilib oladi va ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantiradi. Maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida interaktiv mashg‘ulotlar, loyihaviy faoliyat va ijodkorlik darslari bolaning qiziqishini oshiradi. Individual yondashuv muhim: har bir bolaning qobiliyati va ehtiyojlariga mos keladigan metodlarni qo‘llash kerak. c) Muhit va atrof-muhitning ta’siri. Maktabgacha yoshdagi muassasalar tarbiyaviy jarayonning muhim qismi hisoblanadi. Tarbiyachilarning malakasi va muhitning xavfsizligi bolaning ijtimoiylashuviga ta’sir qiladi. Tabiiy muhitda (parklar, bog‘lar) bolalar bilan faoliyat olib borish ularda atrof-muhitga mehr uyg‘otadi. Texnologik taraqqiyot bolalar hayotiga ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgani bois, ularga mas’uliyatli texnologiya foydalanishni o‘rgatish zarur. Oila tarbiyasi. Oila tarbiyasi tarbiyaning birlamchi muhitidir. T.O. Tursunov o‘z asarida oiladagi psixologik muhit, ota-onaning bolaga ko‘rsatadigan mehr-muhabbati va e’tiborining bolalarning shaxsiy rivojlanishiga ta’sirini alohida ta’kidlaydi. Bola birinchi navbatda otaonasining xulq-atvorini kuzatib, o‘rganadi. Maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari. N.N. Jo‘rayev bolalar tarbiyasida maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarining o‘rni haqida fikr bildirgan. U maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar uchun yaratilgan ijtimoiy va pedagogik muhitning ularga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishini ta’kidlaydi. Ta’lim muassasalarida tarbiyaviy o‘yinlar va interaktiv mashg‘ulotlar bolaning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Milliy qadriyatlarning roli. o‘zbek xalq ertaklari va maqollari tarbiya jarayonida muhim ahamiyatga ega. Masalan, “Bolaga bergan tarbiyang – kelajakka bergan sarmoyang” kabi xalq maqollari bolalarni axloqiy jihatdan tarbiyalashda qo‘llaniladi. Shuningdek, H. Abdug‘aniyev o‘z asarida milliy qadriyatlarning bolalar tarbiyasidagi o‘rnini yoritib, xalq pedagogikasini amaliyotda qo‘llash usullarini taklif qiladi. 3. Zamonaviy yondashuvlar. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni tarbiyalashda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar va innovatsion usullarning ahamiyati ortib bormoqda: 738

Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot SIRI-2025 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) ta’limi: Bolalarda mantiqiy fikrlash va ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan dasturlar. Innovatsion yondashuvlar. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni tarbiyalashda innovatsion yondashuvlar, masalan, Montessori metodikasi va STEM ta’lim dasturlari, katta ahamiyatga ega. Bu metodlar bolalarda mustaqil fikrlash, ijodiy yondashuv va o‘ziga bo‘lgan ishonchni rivojlantiradi. Montessori metodikasi: M. Montessori ta’lim metodikasi bolaning mustaqilligini oshirish va o‘z qiziqishlariga mos faoliyat bilan shug‘ullanish imkonini beradi. Ushbu metodni joriy etish orqali bolalarning ijodiy fikrlash qobiliyati rivojlanadi. Interaktiv o‘yinlar va dasturlar: Raqamli o‘quv vositalari va mobil ilovalar orqali bolalarning qiziqishini jalb qilish. Raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish. N.N. Jo‘rayev o‘z tadqiqotlarida raqamli texnologiyalarni bolalar ta’limiga integratsiya qilishning ahamiyatini ta’kidlagan. Raqamli o‘quv vositalari bolaning qiziqishini oshiradi va yangi bilimlarni interaktiv shaklda o‘rganishiga yordam beradi. Psixologik yondashuvlar: Har bir bolaning shaxsiy xususiyatlarini hisobga olib, tarbiyaviy jarayonni individual rejalashtirish. 4. Bolalar tarbiyasida o‘yin faoliyatining roli. o‘yin orqali o‘qitish: Ta’lim va tarbiyani o‘yinlar orqali olib borish bolalarning e’tiborini jalb qilishda samaralidir. Rol o‘ynash o‘yinlari: Bolalarning ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Jamoaviy o‘yinlar: Bolalarda birgalikda ishlash va muloqot qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantiradi. 5. Axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirish. Bolalar tarbiyasida axloqiy qadriyatlar, masalan, mehribonlik, odob-axloq va o‘zaro yordam kabi tushunchalarni shakllantirish muhim: Qiziqarli ertaklar, hikoyalar va sahna asarlari orqali bolalarga axloqiy xulq-atvor namunalarini ko‘rsatish. Tarbiyaviy mashg‘ulotlar orqali ijtimoiy mas’uliyat va jamiyatdagi o‘rnini tushuntirish. Axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirish bolalar tarbiyasining muhim qismi hisoblanadi. L.N. Tolstoy o‘z asarlarida bolalarga mehr-muhabbat va odob-axloq qoidalarini o‘rgatishning ahamiyatini ta’kidlagan. o‘zbek xalq pedagogikasida esa ertak va hikoyalarning ahamiyati kattadir. Xulosa Xulosa qilib shuni aytmoqchiman, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar tarbiyasida oila, maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari va milliy qadriyatlarning uyg‘unligi muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, innovatsion yondashuvlar va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni qo‘llash tarbiya jarayonini yanada samarali qiladi. Tarbiya jarayonini ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvlar va xalq pedagogikasi an’analari bilan boyitish orqali bolalar rivojlanishini yuqori darajaga olib chiqish mumkin. Adabiyotlar 1. T.O. Tursunov – Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar pedagogikasi, Toshkent: “Fan”, 2018-yil, 45–90-betlar. 739

SIRI-2025 Sun’iy Intellekt va Raqamli Iqtisodiyot 2. N.N. Jo‘rayev – Maktabgacha ta’limda innovatsion texnologiyalar, Toshkent: “Sharq”, 2020-yil, 72–134-betlar. 3. H. Abdug‘aniyev – Maktabgacha yosh bolalar tarbiyasi nazariyasi va amaliyoti, Toshkent: “o‘qituvchi”, 2017-yil, 96–100-betlar. 4. L.N. Tolstoy – Bolalar ta’limi haqidagi maktublar, Moskva: “Prosveshcheniye”, 1903-yil, 18-bet. 5. M. Montessori – Bolalar uyi, Rim: “Tipografia Sociale”, 1912-yil, 34-bet. 740