Raqamli texnologiyalar va iqtisodiyot: zamonaviy muammolari va istiqbollari mavzusida Respublika ilmiy-amaliy

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Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil and Mobility Models”, A SPRINGER NATURE journal. 72 'SQTYXIV 7GMIRGI LXXTWHSMSVKW] 2EZRIIX /EYV %RH +EYVM 1EXLYV – “Opportunistic Networks: A Review”, IOSR .SYVREPSJ'SQTYXIV)RKMRIIVMRK -376.') I-772T-772:SPYQI -WWYI:IV--- 1EV%TV 44[[[MSWVNSYVREPWSVK >LIR]SY7YM–“The Research of the Route Protocols in Opportunistic Network”, -RRIV 1SRKSPME 9RMZIVWMX] JSV XLI 2EXMSREPMXMIW 8SRKPMES 2IMQIRKKY 'LMRE IQEMP $UUGSQ -RXIVREXMSREP 'SRJIVIRGI SR 'SQTYXEXMSREP -RXIPPMKIRGI ERH 'SQQYRMGEXMSR2IX[SVOW 1YRIIVE *EXLMQE /LEPIIP %LQEH ERH %JVEL *EXLMQE 7GLSSP SJ 'SQTYXIV 7GMIRGI -RJSVQEXMSR 8IGLRSPSK] 1EYPERE %^EH 2EXMSREP 9VHY 9RMZIVWMX] % 'IRXVEP 9RMZIVWMX] -RHME QYRIIVEGWMX$KQEMPGSQ EJJEXLMQE$KQEMPGSQ – “Mobility Models ERH 6SYXMRK Protocols in Opportunistic Networks: A Survey”, International Journal of %HZERGIH6IWIEVGLMR'SQTYXIV7GMIRGI A. Keränen, J. Ott, and T. Kärkkäinen, “The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation,” Proceedings of the Second International ICST ConferenceSR7MQYPEXMSR8SSPW ERH8IGLRMUYIW A. Passarella and M. Conti, “Analysis of Individual Pair and Aggregate Intercontact Times in Heterogeneous Opportunistic Networks,” IEEE Transactions on 1SFMPI'SQTYXMRKZSPRSTT– 163

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil /)2+43037%0-8%61352-2+78%2(%6846383/300%6-2-8%,0-05-0-7, 1MV^SLMH&IVHMQYVEHSZ 1YLEQQEHEPXorazmiy nomidagi Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti o’qituvchisi QMV^SLMHFIVHMQYVSHSZ$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E9WLFYQEUSPEHEOIRKTSPSWEPMXEVQSUTVSXSOSPPEVM,ZE7-4RMRK MWLPEWLTVMRXWMTMYPEVRMRKEJ^EPPMOPEVMZEOEQGLMPMOPEVMRMOSʻVMFGLMUEQM^ /EPMXWSʻ^PEV,7-4XIVQMREPOMVMWLRMFSWLUEVMWLWLP]Y^OSʻTRYUXEPMFSWLUEVYZ FPSOPEVMWIWWM]EFSWLPEWLTVSXSOSP /IRK TSPSWEPM XEVQSUPEVRMRK WXERHEVX TVSXSOSPPEVM , ZE 7-4 , – MRXIVRIX SVUEPMSZS^PMZEZMHISQYPSUSXKE]SʻPSGLKERTVSXSOSPPEVXSʻTPEQM,RMXYWLYRMWLYRMRK EWSWM] OSQTSRIRXPEVMRM – XIVQMREPPEV IRHTSMRXW OMVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL KEXIOIITIVW WLP]Y^PEV KEXI[E]W ERH OSʻT RYUXEPM FSWLUEVYZ FPSOPEVMRM 1YPXMTSMRX 'SRXVSP 9RMXW GLYUYVVSUOSʻVMFGLMUMWLRMXEPEFUMPEHM 8IVQMREPPEV )RHTSMRXW FY USʻRKʻMVSU TE]XMHE JS]HEPERYZGLMPEV XSʻKʻVMHERXSʻKʻVM Sʻ^EVSEPSUEHEFSʻPKERLEUMUM]UYVMPQEPEV]SOMHEWXYVM]MPSZEPEV /MVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL +EXIOIITIVW , QYLMXMHE QEVOE^M] FSWLUEVYZ FMVPMKM ZE^MJEWMRMFENEVEHM 7LP]Y^PEV +EXI[E]W XYVPMXEVQSUTVSXSOSPPEVMSVEWMHEXEVNMQSRZE^MJEWMRMFENEVEHM /SʻT RYUXEPM FSWLUEVYZ FPSOPEVM 1YPXMTSMRX 'SRXVSP 9RMXW OSʻT RYUXEPM OSRJIVIRWM]EPEVRM QIHME SUMQPEVRM EVEPEWLXMVMWL OSQQYXEXWM]EPEWL ZE ENVEXMWLRM QYZSJMUPEWLXMVMWLSVUEPMFSWLUEVEHM VEWQ,EV\MXIOXYVEWM 7-4 7IWWMSR -RMXMEXMSR 4VSXSGSP LEV UERHE] ]YUSVM XI^PMOHEKM MRXIVRIX EPSUEWM FSʻ]MGLE VIEP ZEUX VINMQMHE SZS^PM ZMHIS ZE FSWLUE QIHMEJE]PPEVRMRK MWLPEWLMRM SWSRPEWLXMVEHMKER SRPE]R WXERHEVXPEV XSʻTPEQM 7-4 TVSXSOSPM EWSWM :SMGI SZIV -RXIVRIX 4VSXSGSP :S-4 164

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Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil %HEFM]SXPEV -&EWMGIZMG14STSZMGERH(/YOSPN'SQTEVMWSRSJ7-4ERH,4VSXSGSPW 8LI 8LMVH -RXIVREXMSREP 'SRJIVIRGI SR (MKMXEP 8IPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRW MGHX &YGLEVIWX6SQERMETTHSM-'(8OI][SVHW_4VSXSGSPW -RXIVRIX XIPITLSR] %TTPMGEXMSR WSJX[EVI 2IX[SVO WIVZIVW 0SKMG KEXIW &ERH[MHXL 7XVIEQMRKQIHME'SQQYRMGEXMSRW]WXIQGSRXVSP7XERHEVHM^EXMSR6SYXMRK7-4,:SMGI SZIV-4WMKREPMRKTVSXSGSPa %/LMEX1)P/LEMPM.&EOOSYV]ERH%&ELREWWI7XYH]ERHIZEPYEXMSRSJZSMGI SZIV-4WMKREPMRKTVSXSGSPWTIVJSVQERGIWSR1-4ZTVSXSGSPMRQSFMPIRIX[SVO7-4 ERH,-RXIVREXMSREP7]QTSWMYQSR2IX[SVOW'SQTYXIVWERH'SQQYRMGEXMSRW -72'' 1EVVEOIGL1SVSGGSTTHSM-72''OI][SVHW _4VSXSGSPW 1SFMPI GSQQYRMGEXMSR 7IVZIVW -RXIVRIX XIPITLSR] 6SYXMRK 'SHIGW 1ERKERIWI1-4:,ERHSZIV1SFMPMX]:3-4-4:7-4,a ,7M0(SRKERH>0MY6IWIEVGLSR7-4ERH,4VSXSGSP'SRZIVWMSR VH -RXIVREXMSREP 'SRJIVIRGI SR -RRSZEXMZI 'SQTYXMRK -RJSVQEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP (EPMER 'LMRE TT HSM -'-'-' OI][SVHW _1IHME 0SKMG KEXIW 4VSXSGSPW7IVZIVW6IKMWXIVW'SQTYXIVEVGLMXIGXYVI'SQTYXIVWa 6/EQEP177MHHMUYMERH'7,SRK7SPZMRKMRXIVSTIVEFMPMX]TVSFPIQSJ7-4 , ERH .MRKPI [MXL E QMHHPI[EVI XL -RXIVREXMSREP 'SRJIVIRGI SR %HZERGIH 'SQQYRMGEXMSR8IGLRSPSK] -'%'8 +ERK[SR/SVIE 7SYXL TT OI][SVHW _1SFMPI GSQQYRMGEXMSR 4VSXSGSPW1IHME 7IVZIVW7MQTPI SFNIGX EGGIWW TVSXSGSP7IGYVMX]a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a )YRNYRK0II.MRWYO&EIOERH7,7,YERK%(]REQMG1SFMPMX]1EREKIQIRX 7GLIQIJSV:S-47IVZMGIW8LMVH-RXIVREXMSREP'SRJIVIRGISR-RJSVQEXMSR8IGLRSPSK]2I[ +IRIVEXMSRW -82+ 0EW :IKEW 2: TT HSM -82+ OI][SVHW _1SFMPI VEHMS QSFMPMX] QEREKIQIRX -RXIVRIX XIPITLSR] 2IX[SVO WIVZIVW 'SQTYXIV WGMIRGI ,SQI EYXSQEXMSR 1SFMPI GSQTYXMRK 1YPXMQIHME W]WXIQW 'SQQYRMGEXMSR W]WXIQ WIGYVMX] (IPE] (EXE GSQQYRMGEXMSR 1SFMPMX] 1SFMPI -47-4,:S-4a 166

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 46)(-'8-3297-2+2)96%02)8;36/7 1YLVMHHMR5YPQEXSZ3 VMRFS]2E^MVEPM]IZ UMFT universiteti “Kommunikatsiya va raqamli texnologiyalar” kafedrasi o‘qituvchilari RE^MVEPM]IZYVMRFS]$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E 7S RKKM ]MPPEVHE RI]VSR XEVQSUPEV QSPM]E WSK PMURM WEUPEWL SFLEZS TVSKRS^MZEFSWLUEOS TPEFWSLEPEVHEFEWLSVEXUMPMWLZEFEWLSVEXUMPMWLYGLYROYGLPMZSWMXE WMJEXMHETE]HSFS PHM'LYUYVS VKERMWLXI\RMOEWMRMRKTE]HSFS PMWLMFMPERRI]VSRXEVQSUPEV QE PYQSXPEVHEKMQYVEOOEFREUWLZEQYRSWEFEXPEVRMUS PKEOMVMXMWLUSFMPM]EXMKEIKEFS PMF ERMUVSUFEWLSVEXUMPMWLKESPMFOIPHM Kalit so’zlar. 'LYUYVS VKERMWLOMVYZGLMUMWQ]EWLMVMRUMWQGLMUYZGLMUMWQ %WSWM]UMWQ 2IYVEP RIX[SVOW LEZI IQIVKIH EW TS[IVJYP XSSPW JSV TVIHMGXMZI QSHIPMRK EGVSWW HMZIVWIHSQEMRW8LMWTETIVTVSZMHIWERSZIVZMI[SJXLIETTPMGEXMSRSJRIYVEPRIX[SVOWMR TVIHMGXMZI EREP]XMGW EHHVIWWMRK FSXL XLIMV GETEFMPMXMIW ERH PMQMXEXMSRW -X FIKMRW F] HMWGYWWMRKXLIJYRHEQIRXEPGSRGITXWSJEVXMJMGMEPRIYVEPRIX[SVOW %22W ERHXLIMVVSPIMR HIITPIEVRMRKIQTLEWM^MRKXLIMVEFMPMX]XSGETXYVIGSQTPI\TEXXIVRWMRHEXE8LIWXVYGXYVI SJERIYVEPRIX[SVOTVIHMGXMSRQSHIPMRGPYHMRKMRTYXLMHHIRERHSYXTYXPE]IVWMWI\TPEMRIH LMKLPMKLXMRKXLITVSGIWWF][LMGLRIYVSRWTVSGIWWMRTYXHEXEXSKIRIVEXITVIHMGXMSRW 8SHE][IPSSOEXLS[XLI]EVIYWIHMRTVIHMGXMZIEREP]XMGW;I[MPPEPWSERW[IV[L] RIYVEPRIX[SVOWWXMPPEVIRSXFIMRKYWIHF]QER]FYWMRIWWIW 8LIX[SFMKEVKYQIRXWEKEMRWXYWMRKEVXMJMGMEPRIYVEPRIX[SVOWEVI 8LI]EVIVIWSYVGIMRXIRWMZI 8LIMVVIWYPXWEVISJXIRLEVHXSMRXIVTVIX 3R XLI SXLIV LERH RIYVEP RIX[SVOW QE] FI YWIH JSV WSPZMRK TVSFPIQW XLI LYQER FVEMRMW ZIV]KSSH EX WYGL EW VIGSKRM^MRKWSYRHW TMGXYVIW SV XI\X 8LI] GER FIYWIH XS I\XVEGXJIEXYVIWJVSQRIYVEPRIX[SVOTVIHMGXMSREPKSVMXLQWJSVGPYWXIVMRKERHGPEWWMJMGEXMSR IWWIRXMEPP]QEOMRKXLIQQSHYPIWSJPEVKIV1EGLMRI0IEVRMRKETTW 8EFPISJ'SRXIRXW %REVXMJMGMEPRIYVEPRIX[SVO %22 MWETVIHMGXMZIQSHIPHIWMKRIHXS[SVOXLI[E]E LYQER FVEMR HSIW -R JEGX %22W EVI EX XLIZIV] LIEVX SJ HIIT PIEVRMRK 8LI HIIT RIYVEP RIX[SVOWQSHIP (22QSHIP GERKVSYTYRPEFIPIHHEXEFEWIHSRWMQMPEVMXMIWI\MWXMRKMRXLI MRTYXWSVGPEWWMJ]HEXE[LIRXLI]LEZIEPEFIPIHHEXEWIXXSXVEMRSR What’s more, DNNs are also sGEPEFPI ERH FIWX WYMXIH JSV QEGLMRI PIEVRMRK XEWOW 9WMRK XLIWI [I GER FYMPH ZIV] VSFYWX ERH EGGYVEXI TVIHMGXMZI QSHIPW JSV TVIHMGXMZI EREP]XMGW 7XVYGXYVISJ%2IYVEP2IX[SVO4VIHMGXMSR 8LIVIEVIXLVIIPE]IVWXSXLIWXVYGXYVISJERIYVEPRIX[SVOEPKSVMXLQ 8LIMRTYXPE]IV8LMWIRXIVWTEWXHEXEZEPYIWMRXSXLIRI\XPE]IV 8LI LMHHIR PE]IV 8LMW MW E OI] GSQTSRIRX SJ E RIYVEP RIX[SVO -X LEW GSQTPI\ JYRGXMSRWXLEXGVIEXITVIHMGXSVW%WIXSJRSHIWMRXLILMHHIRPE]IVGEPPIHRIYVSRWVITVIWIRXW 167

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil QEXLJYRGXMSRWXLEXQSHMJ]XLIMRTYXHEXE 8LI SYXTYX PE]IV ,IVI XLI TVIHMGXMSRW QEHI MR XLI LMHHIR PE]IV EVI GSPPIGXIH XS TVSHYGIXLIJMREPPE]IV–which is the model’s prediction. ,S[HSIWEGXYEPP]2IYVEP2IX[SVOW4VIHMGX# )EGLRIYVSRXEOIWMRXSGSRWMHIVEXMSREWIXSJMRTYXZEPYIW)EGLSJXLIQKIXWPMROIH to a “weight”, which is a numerical value that can be derived using either supervised or unsupervised training such as data clustering, and a value called “bias”. 8LIRIX[SVOGLSSWIWJVSQXLIERswer produced by a neuron based on its’ weight ERHFMEW Where “Classification” is concerned, all such tasks are contingent on labeled HEXEWIXW8LMWQIERWXLEX]SYRIIHWYTIVZMWIHPIEVRMRK 7YTIVZMWIH0IEVRMRKMW[LIVILYQERWGLIGOXSWIIMJXLIERW[IVWXLIRIYVEPRIX[SVO KMZIWEVIGSVVIGX8LMWLIPTWXLIRIYVEPRIX[SVOYRHIVWXERHXLIVIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRPEFIPW ERH HEXE )\EQTPIW SJ XLMW EVI JEGIHIXIGXMSR MQEKI VIGSKRMXMSR ERH PEFIPMRK ZSMGI HIXIGXMSRERHWTIIGLXVERWGVMTXMSR;MXLGPEWWMJMGEXMSRHIITPIEVRMRKGEREWWSGMEXITM\IPW MRERMQEKIERHXLIREQISJETIVWSR “Clustering” or grouping is the recognition of similarities. One must understand that XLIHIITPIEVRMRKQSHIPHSIWRSXEP[E]WVIUYMVIPEFIPWXSJMRHWMQMPEVMXMIW ;LIRXLIVIEVIRSPEFIPWF]LIPTJYPLYQERWXSPIEVRJVSQMXYWIWQEGLMRIPIEVRMRK XS PIEVR SR MXW S[R – [LMGL QIERW YRWYTIVZMWIH PIEVRMRK 8LMW VIXEMRW XLI TSXIRXMEP SJ TVSHYGMRKLMKLP]EGGYVEXIQSHIPW)\EQTPIWSJGPYWXIVMRKGERFIGYWXSQIVGLYVR -RHYWXV]9WI'EWIWSJ4VIHMGXMZI2IYVEP2IX[SVOW 4VIHMGXMZIRIYVEPRIX[SVOWSVEVXMJMGMEPRIYVEPRIX[SVOWEVIYWIHMRFSXLWXEVXYTWERH FMK12'W Let’s illustrate some industry use cases of ANN. *MRERGI-RXLMWWIGXSVEVXMJMGMEPRIYVEPRIX[SVOW %22 GERLIPTFEROWGSQIYT[MXL WSPYXMSRWJSVEPPMWWYIWVIPEXIHXSFYWMRIWWERHEREP]^ITSWWMFPITVSJMXW 6IXEMP 4VIHMGXMZI RIYVEP RIX[SVOW GER QEOI TVIGMWI WEPIW JSVIGEWXW ERH LIPT GSQTERMIWTYVGLEWIXLIVIPIZERXWXSGO ,IEPXLGEVI 4VIHMGXMZI EREP]XMGW YWMRK RIYVEP RIX[SVOW EPPS[W LIEPXLGEVI professionals to examine patients’ medical histories and their present health status. 6IJIVIRGIW 0I'YR=&IRKMS= ,MRXSR+ (IITPIEVRMRK2EXYVI 168

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil +SSHJIPPS[-&IRKMS= 'SYVZMPPI% (IITPIEVRMRK :SP 1-8TVIWW 'EQFVMHKI &MWLST'1 4EXXIVRVIGSKRMXMSRERHQEGLMRIPIEVRMRKWTVMRKIV 'LSPPIX* (IITPIEVRMRK[MXL4]XLSR1ERRMRK4YFPMGEXMSRW'S >LERK = ;Y 5 8MQI WIVMIW TVIHMGXMSR YWMRK E HIIT VIWMHYEP RIYVEP RIX[SVOJSVVIQEMRMRKYWIJYPPMJIIWXMQEXMSR-)))%GGIWW 169

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil RUXSATLARNI BOSHQARISHNING FUNKSIONAL JADVALLARDA QO‘LLANILUVCHI PETRI TARMOG‘I SEMANTIKASI VA TAHLILI 1YLVMHHMR5YPQEXSZ2EWMFE<EPMOSZE UMFT universiteti “Kommunikatsiya va raqamli texnologiyalar” kafedrasi o‘qituvchilari QY\VSOE$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E1E^OYVMWLVY\WEXPEVRMFSWLUEVMWLRMRKJYROWMSREPNEHZEPPEVHE qo‘llaniluvchi Petri tarmog‘i semantikasi va uning tahlil haqida. Kalit so‘zlar:petri tarmog‘i, to‘r, to‘plam, o‘tish davri, parallellik hodisasi. Petri tarmog‘i, avtomatik tizimlarni model qilMWL YGLYR MWLPEXMPEHMKER QEXIQEXMO modeldir. Bu modelda, tizimning harakatlarini va o‘zgarishlarini ko‘rsatuvchi grafik ko‘rinishida jadvallar ishlatiladi. Petri tarmog‘i semantikasi, tizimning harakatlarini va o‘zgarishlarini tushuntiradi va XM^MQRMXELPil qilishga imkon beradi.Petri tarmog‘i jadvallari, ikki turi mavjud: ]EKSRENEHZEPPEV ZEko‘p jadvallar =EKSRENEHZEPPEVtizimning bitta holatini ko‘rsatadi. Ko‘p jadvallarIWEXM^MQRMRKFMV nechta holatlarini va ular orasidagi o‘tkazmalarini ko‘rsatadi. Petri tarmog‘i semantikasi, jadvallar orqali tizimning holatlarini va o‘zgarishlarini tushuntiradi. Har bir jadvallarda, holatlar va o‘tkazmalar uchun belgilangan belgilar QEZNYH,SPEXPEV]YUSVM]SOMTEWXOM]YUSVM chiziq bilan ko‘rsatiladi. O‘tkazmalar esa, chiziq bilan ko‘rsatiladi. Holatlar va o‘tkazmalar orasidagi aloqalar, chiziq bilan ko‘rsatiladi. 4IXVM XEVQSUPEVMRMRK OSQTS^MXWM]EPEVMHE QSWPMORM XEWZMVPEWLRMRK FMV RIcha yo‘li mavjud. Eng oddiy usul o‘tish hodisalari ketmaOIXPMKM XEVQSUPEVRMRK LMWSFOMXSFPEVMRM XEZWMJPSZGLM SHEXM] OIXQEket semantikani va bir vaqtning o‘zida markirovka qilish uchun yoqilgan o‘tish bosqichlari ketmaOIXPMKMRMRKWIQERXMOEWMRMOIRKE]XMVMWL&YIVHEFSWUMWLPEV to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri moslashuvni ifodalashga imkon beradigan o‘tish to‘plamlaridir. VEWQP/t o‘tish tarmoq ikkita texnologik to‘r bilan birga, bu yerda c o‘tish davri a yoki b o‘tish davridan keyin sodir bo‘ladi. VEWQ.EVE]SRXEVQSUPEVRMRKUMWQERWEVEPEWLPEVM Ammo osonlikcha tekshirilishi mumkin, shu bilan bir vaqtda o‘tishlarning mos amalga faqat cheklangan tarzda ifodalanishi mumkin. Tasvir uchun belgilangan Petri tarmog‘i 1 170

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil rasmda ( i.e. qat’iy boshlang‘ich belgilangan j/o‘ tarmog‘i ). Bu erda c o‘tish a va bir vaqtning o‘zida b o‘tgandan keyin sodir bo‘lishi mumkin. Ushbu turdagi ketmaOIX LMWSFOMXSFRM to‘g‘ridanto‘g‘ri qadamlar ketmaOIXPMKM FMPER MJSHEPEWL QYQOMR IQEW 7LYRMRK YGLYRFIPKMPERKER UMWQER FY]YVXQE OIXQEket bo‘lmagan semantikani rasmiylashtirish uchun yaxshiroq tanlov bo‘lib tuyuladi. Yuqorida keltirilgan hisobkitobni chap tomonda FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWL SVUEPM VEWQHE XEWZMVPEWL QYQOMR 9WLFY ERMU LMWSF kitobda bajarilgan o‘tishlar o‘VXEWMHE UMWQER WEVEPEWLRM SPMWL OMJS]E'LYROM LMWSFOMXSFHE ba'zi o‘tishlar bir necha bor sodir bo‘lishi mumkin, umuman FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWLPEVHERJS]HEPERMWLOIVEO UMWUEGLE&57 Bunday BQSning uchlari keyinchalik tarmoqning o‘tishlari bilan belgMPEREHM&Y&57PEV Prat(1986) kitobida deb ataladi va unda bir xil o‘tish nomi orqali belgilangan qisman saralangan tarmoqlarga yaqin bog‘liqligini ta’kidlaydi.Bu ularning so‘zlar yoki ketma OIXPMOPEVKE ]EUMRPMKMRM XE OMHPE]HM OIXQEOIXPMOHEKM IPIQIRXPEVRMRK YQYQM] XEVXMFM UMWQER saralash bilan almashtiriladi. Aslida, qisman saralangan turli tarmoqlar va qisman so‘zlar izomorfik BQSlarni ajratib turmaydi, chunki o‘tish hodisalari tartibi faqat belgilarga bog‘liq. Semantika bosqichi bilan yaqin bog‘liqliklarga ega. Aniqrog‘i, Grabovski, Kiehnda qisman WEVEPEWLPEVRMUERSEXPERXMVEHMKEROIXQEOIXLMWSFOMXSFPEVRMUEFYPUMPMWLXEOPMJIXMPEHM,EVFMV REXMNEPEVRMRKUMWQMYGLYRQEZNYH9WLFYUMWQHEKMLSHMWEPEVRMRKQSWFSWUMGLMWLYUMWQHER OMGLMOVSUFEVGLELSHMWEPEVsodir bo‘lishi bilan olingan belgilanishda yuzga kelishi mumkin. 8I\RMONMLEXHERQE\WYWXY^MPMWLKEIKEFIPKMPERKERUMWQERWEVEPEWLLEVFMVOIXQEOIXPMOHEKM bosqichga tabiiy ravishda bog‘lanishi mumkin. &YRHE] FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWLHE UMWQPEV ERMU S‘tish bosqichlarini aks ettiruvchi voqealar to‘plamidir. Ushbu qismlar ketmaketlikdagi bosqichlar bilan berilgan saralash bo‘yicha to‘liq saralanadi, ya'ni bosqichlar ketmaketligi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWLPEV FSWUMGLPM GLM^MUPEWLXMVMPKER LEV FMV LSHMWE E]RER FMXXE UMWQKE XIKMWLPM &IPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWL LMWSFkitob usuli bo‘lgan mezon quyidagi FSWUMGLOIXQEOIXPMKMHEUE]XE]EVEXMPEHM&IPKMPERKERUMWQERWEVEPEWLFUWFYLEVFMVUMWQ YGLYR7LEVJMFMPERFIPKMPERKER7FSWUMGLPMOIXQEOIXPMORMRKUMWQERWEVEPEWLFUW7QEZNYH bo‘lgan hisoblash. Yuqoridagi mezonga javob beradigan belgilangan qisman saralashlarni keltirib o‘tamiz. Belgilangan j/o‘ tarmog‘ida paydo bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan bosqichlar ketma OIXPMKMRMRKUMWQERWEVEPEWLPari shunday ta’rifga muvofiq yoqilganligiga e'tibor bering. &YRHER XEWLUEVM LEV FMV ]SUMPKER FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWL FE ^M FMV ]SUMPKER FSWUMGL OIXQEOIXPMOPEVMRMRK FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWLPEVMRMRK OIWMWLMWLM REXMNEWMHE olingan ta’rifga muvofiq bo‘lishi mumkin. Yoqilgan belgilangan qisman saralashlarning QYLMQ \YWYWM]EXM YPEVRMRK ]EUMRPMO [VX OIXQEOIXPMKM EKEV FIPKMPERKER UMWQER WEVEPEWL bqs yoqilgan bo‘lsa, unda lbqso‘z ichiga olgan har bir belgilangan qisman saralash yoqilgan. J/o‘tarmoqlariRMRKOIXQEket bo‘lmagan birikmalarini ifodalashning yana bir imkoniyati FY maxsus turdagi kislotali to‘rlar bo‘lgan Golts va Reisig jarayonlarini o‘tkazish, deb ataladi – paydo bo‘lish tarmoqlari, oldindan va keyingi to‘plamlarni saqlab turuvchi haqiqiy tarmoqlarning o‘tishlari (hodisalar den nomlanadi) va joylariga (vaziyatlar deb nomlanadi ) paydo bo‘lgan tarmoqlar o‘tish va joylarini bog‘lovchi belgi bilan birga 1VEWQHE XEWZMVPERKER <YPSWE 171

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 9WLFY QEUSPE 4IXVM XEVQSUPEVM WIQERXMOEWMRMRK XYVPM \MP variantlari o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqliklar haqida. Petri tarmog‘i orqali funksional jadvallar asosida qurilgan modeldagi TEVEPPIPNEVE]SRPEVRMXELPMPUMPMWLKEIVMWLMPEHM9WLFYQSHIPSVUEPMXM^MQRMRKLEVEOEXPEVMRMZE o‘zgarishlarini ko‘rsatuvchi grafik ko‘rinisLMHENEHZEPPEVRMSWSRWLEOPPERXMVMWLKEHSMVQMWSPPEV ko‘rib chiqish mumkin. Petri tarmog‘i semantikasi jadvallari orqali tizimning holatlarini va o‘zgarishlarini tushuntirish imkoniyati yanada osonlashadi. %HEFM]SXPEV +EFVMIP.YLEW*IHSV0ILSGOM-7)1%28-'73*4)86-2)87%'314%6-732 )MOI&IWX6E]QSRH(IZMPPIVW 1EGMIN/SYXR]4IXVM2IX7IQERXMGW LXXTW[[[WIQERXMGWGLSPEVSVKTETIV%4IXVM2IX7IQERXMGWJSVXLI40'0ERKYEKI 0MWX,IMRIV1IR^IPGGFHGFGJFHHGEGIGIG LXXTWMIII\TPSVIMIIISVKHSGYQIRX 172

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil >%132%:-=6%5%10-8)<2303+-=%0%6+%69<7%87->/-6-7,97900%6-:% 90%6(%2<-13=%0%7,:37-80%6- 6YWXEQ(NYVE]IZ(MPWLSH1EXUYVFSRSZ3VMJ<EWERSZ 1YLEQQEHEP<SVE^QM]RSQMHEKM8SWLOIRXE\FSVSXXI\RSPSKM]EPEVMYRMZIVWMXIXM TVSJIWWSVo‘qituvchilari SVMJ\EWERSZ$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E Raqamli texnologiyalarda vujudga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan zaifliklarni aniqlash, ruxsatsiz kirishning oldini olish va bartaraf etish bo‘yicha batafsil ma’lumotlar OIPXMVMPKER 7LYRMRKHIO VY\WEXWM^ OMVMWLHER LMQS]E UMPMWLRMRK ^EQSREZM] ZSWMXEPEVM \EZJWM^PMO HIZSVPEVM TEOIXPM JMPXVPEWL TVSOWMserver, IDS/IPS tizimlari haqida ma’lumotlar ]SVMXMFFIVMPKER Kalit so‘zlar. VY\WEXWM^ OMVMWL MHIRXMJMOEXWM]E ZE EYXIRXMJMOEXWM]E XM^MQPEVM \EZJWM^PMO HIZSVPEVME\FSVSX\EZJWM^PMKMTEOIXPMJMPXVPEWL Zamonaviy jamiyat hayotini raqamli texnologiyalarsiz tasavvur qilib bo‘lmaydi. Raqamli texnologiyalarda vujudga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan zaifliklarni aniqlash, ruxsatsiz OMVMWLRMRK SPHMRM SPMWL ZE FEVXEVEJ IXMWL FYKYRKM OYRRMRK HSP^EVF QEWEPEPEVMHER FMVMHMV Ruxsatsiz kirish buzg‘unchining tashkilot ma’lumotlariga, tarmoqlariga, MPSZEPEVMKE ]SOM qurilmalariga ruxsatisiz kirishini anglatadi. Bu autentifikatsiya bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lib, tizimga kirishda foydalanuvchining identifikatorini tekshiradigan NEVE]SRPEVHERFMVMHMV ?A Statistik ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra [2], 2023 yilda global miqyosida tarmoqqa ruxsatsiz kirishlar barcha buzilishlarning 43 foizini tashkil etdi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi OMFIV\EZJWM^PMKM2022 yil hisobotiga ko‘ra [3], ma’lumotlar uzatish tarmog’iga ulangan davlat MHSVEPEVMRMRK E\FSVSX XM^MQPEVM ZE VIWYVWPEVMRMRK Y^PYOWM^ QSRMXSVMRKM HEZSQMHE YQYQM] 869 684 xavfsizlik hodisalari aniqlanib, ulardan 9 709 tasida konfidensial ma’lumotga VY\WEXWM^OMVMWLLEQHEYPEVRMRKWM^MFGLMUMWLMKEolib kelishi mumkin bo’lgan hodisalardir. 5Y]MHEVEUEQPMXI\RSPSKM]EPEVHEVY\WEXWM^OMVMWLWEFEFPEVMOIPXMVMPKER − konfiguratsiya xatolari (kirish huquqlari, xavfsizlik devorlari, ma’lumotlar bazalariga so‘rovlar soni bo‘yicha cheklovlar); − EZXSVM^EXWM]E ZSWMXEPEVMRMRK ^EMJPMKM TEVSPPEV WQEVXkartalar o‘g‘irlanishi, yaxshi himoyalanmagan tarmoq qurilmalarga fizik kirishlar, xodimlar yo‘qligida qulfdan chiqarilgan MWLWXERXWM]EPEVMKEOMVMWL − dasturiy ta’minotdagi xatolar; − QERWEFHSV WLE\WPEVRMRK o‘z ZEOSPEXlarini suiste’mol qilishi ^E\MVE RYW\EPEVMRM o‘g‘irlash, axborotni ma’lumot olish huquqi bilan tashqi ommaviy axborot vositalariga RYW\EPEWL − 0%2 MGLMHE LMQS]EPERQEKER OMVMWLPEVHER JS]HEPERKERHE EPSUE OEREPPEVMRM WOERIVPEWL − ZMVYWPEV ZE XVS]ERPEVHER \SHMQPEVRMRK OSQT]YXIVPEVMHE XEUPMH UMPMWL YGLYR JS]HEPERMWL 6EUEQPM XI\RSPSKM]EPEVHE VY\WEXWM^ OMVMWLM REJEUEX UE]XE MWLPERKER IPIOXVSR hujjatlarni o‘qish yoki o‘zgartirish tufayli xavf yuzaga keladi va quyidagi harakatlarni amalga 173

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil SWLMVMWLKEMQOSRFIVEHM?A − /SQT]YXIVXM^MQPEVMZEE\FSVSXVIWYVWPEVMRMFY^MWL − ,EV\MPXYVHEKM\EFEVPEV]SOMIQMWWM]EPEVRMYWLPEWL − Axborotni o‘g‘irlash (nusxalash); − Dasturiy ta’minot va apparat xatcho‘plaridan foydalanish; − 8SZPEQEGLMPMO WLERXENTSVE =YUSVMHE OIPXMVMPKER QYEmmoni hal qilish yo‘llari tizim tahlili, ishonchlilik QEWEPEPEVM LMQS]E QI\ERM^QPEVM ZE YPEVRM EQEPM]SXKE XEXFMU IXMWL WEQEVEHSVPMKM FMPER bog‘liq. 6Y\WEXWM^OMVMWLHERLMQS]EUMPMWLZSWMXEPEVM 6Y\WEXWM^ OMVMWLHER LMQS]E UMPMWL XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XM^MQMRMRK XYVPM UMWQPEVMHE EQEPKESWLMVMPMWLMQYQOMR – amaliy va tizimli dasturiy ta’minot; – serverlar va ish stantsiyalarining apparat ta’minoti; – OSQQYRMOEXWM]EUYVMPQEPEVMZEEPSUEOEREPPEVM Amaliy va tizim dasturlari darajasida ma’lumSXPEVRM LMQS]E UMPMWL YGLYR UY]MHEKMPEV qo‘llaniladi – E\FSVSXKEOMVMWLRMGLIKEVPEWLXM^MQPEVM – MHIRXMJMOEXWM]EZEEYXIRXMJMOEXWM]EXM^MQPEVM – EYHMXZEQSRMXSVMRKXM^MQPEVM – ZMVYWKEUEVWLMLMQS]EXM^MQPEVM 7IVZIVPEV ZE MWL WXERXWM]EPEVMRMRK ETTEVEX HEVENEWMHE LMQS]E UMPMWL YGLYR UY]MHEKMPEV qo‘llaniladi: – ETTEVEXOEPMXPEVM – WMKREPM^EXWM]EXM^MQPEVM – UYVMPQEPEVZEOMVMWLGLMUMWLMRXIVJI]WPEVMRMFPSOPEWLZSWMXEPEVM /SQQYRMOEXWM]EXM^MQPEVMUY]MHEKMXEVQSU\EZJWM^PMKMZSWMXEPEVMHERJS]HEPEREHM <EZJWM^PMOHIZSVPEVM *MVI[EPP XEWLUEVMHERLYNYQPEVRMFPSOMVSZOEUMPMWLYGLYR9PEV \EZJWM^PMOWM]SWEXMKEQYZSJMUXEVQSUXVEJMKMRMRKSUMQMRMRE^SVEXUMPEHM3HEXHEXEVQSURMRK kirish qismida xavfsizlik devorlari o‘rnatiladi va tarmoqniEPSLMHEMGLOM \YWYWM] ZEXEWLUM NEQSEX UMWQPEVKE ENVEXEHM %HEFM]SXPEVHE – <EZJWM^PMO HIZSVPEVM XEVQSUPEVEVS IOVER FVERHQEYIV]SOM*MVI;EPPHIF]YVMXMPKER 4EOIXPM JMPXVPEWL filtrlar to‘plamini sozlash asosida. Kiruvchi paket filtrlarda ko‘rsatilgan shartlarga javobberishiga qarab, u tarmoqqa uzatiladi yoki o‘chiriladi. 4VSOWMWIVZIV mahalliy va tashqi tarmoqlar o‘rtasida qo‘shimcha proksiWIVZIV qurilmasi o‘rnatilgan bo‘lib, u barcha kiruvchi va chiquvchi trafiklar o‘tishi kerak bo‘lgan HEVZS^EZE^MJEWMRMFENEVEHM 7XEXYWXIOWLMVYZMkiruvchi trafikni tekshirish Firewallni amalga oshirishning eng ilg‘or YWYPPEVMHER FMVMHMV 8IOWLMVYZ FYXYR TEOIXRM XELPMP UMPMWLRM IQEW FEPOM JEUEX YRMRK QE\WYW OEPMX UMWQMRM ZE VY\WEX IXMPKER VIWYVWPEV QE PYQSXPEV FE^EWMHER SPdindan ma'lum bo‘lgan UM]QEXPEV FMPER XEUUSWPEWLRM ERKPEXEHM 9WLFY YWYP \EZJWM^PMO HIZSVMRMRK IRK ]YUSVM MWLPEWLMRMZEIRKTEWXOIGLMOMWLRMXE QMRPE]HM 174

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil ,YNYQPEVRMERMUPEWLZESPHMRMSPMWLXM^MQPEVM-(7-47 -RXVYWMSR(IXIGXMSR7]WXIQ-(7 -RXVYWMSR4VIZIRXMSR7]WXIQ-47 XEVQSUMGLMHERLEQXEWLUEVMHERLEQVY\WEXWM^OMVMWL urinishlarini aniqlash, xizmat ko‘rsatishni rad etish hujumlaridan himoya qilish uchun qo‘llaniladi. Maxsus mexanizmlar yordamida hujumlarni aniqlash tizimlari zararli LEVEOEXPEVRMRKSPHMRMSPMWLKEUSHMVFYLYNYQREXMNEWMHEMWLPEQE]USPMWLZEUXMRMZEXEVQSU JYROWMSREPPMKMRMWEUPEWL\EVENEXPEVMRMWI^MPEVPMHEVENEHEOEQE]XMVMWLMQYQOMR :MVXYEP\YWYWM]XEVQSUPEV :MVXYEP 4VMZEXI 2IX[SVO :42 – XEVQSU HSMVEWMHE MGLOM XErmoqni shakllantirishga asoslangan holatda foydalanuvchilar o‘rtasida ma’lumotlarni EPQEWLMWLYGLYRMWLSRGLPM\MQS]ERMXEʼQMRPEWLKEUEVEXMPKERXI\RSPSKM]E:42RMRKFSWLUE XEVQSUPEVHER EWSWM] JEVUM FY YRMRK FSWLUE XEVQSUPEVHER ENVEPKERPMKMHEHMV :42 JS]HElanuvchi uchun mahalliy tarmoqlarga shaffof kirishni ta’minlaydi, shu bilan birga E\FSVSXRMRKQE\JM]PMKMZE]E\PMXPMKMRMHMREQMOWLMJVPEWLSVUEPMWEUPE]HM \EZJWM^PMORM XELPMP UMPMWL ZSWMXEPEVM XEVQSU \EZJWM^PMKMRM XELPMP UMPMWL ZE E\FSVSX XELHMHPEVMRM Emalga oshirishning mumkin bo‘lgan kanallarini aniqlash, shuningdek, XEVQSUUE ILXMQSPM] LYNYQPEVRMRK SPHMRM SPMWL E\FSVSXRM LMQS]E UMPMWL \EVENEXPEVMRM STXMQEPPEWLXMVMWLZEXEVQSU\EZJWM^PMKMRMRKNSVM]LSPEXMRMOY^EXMWLMQOSRMRMFIVEHM Xulosa o‘rnida shuni aytish mumkinki, raqamli texnologiyalarda ruxsatsiz kirishni oldini olish yoki vujudga kelgan taxdidlarni bartaraf etish uchun me’yoriy xuququy bazaning QEZNYHPMKM JS]HEPERYZGLMPEVRMRK E\FSVSXOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XI\RSPSKM]EPEVM ZE E\FSVSX xavfsizligi sohasidagi bilim darajasini muntazam oshirib borishga alohida e’tibor qaratish PS^MQ Shuningdek, Ma’lumotlar uzatish tarmoqlarida kuchli autentifikatsiya mexanizmlarini joriy qilish, shifrlash usullarini qo‘llash, dasturiy ta’minotni muntazaQ]ERKMPEWLZEMWLSRGLPM \EZJWM^PMOHIZSVM]IGLMQMRMNSVM]UMPMWLSVUEPMWLE\WPEVZEXEWLOMPSXPEVVY\WEXWM^OMVMWL\EZJMRM sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi va maxfiy ma’lumotlarini himoya qilishi mumkin. %HEFM]SXPEV 7XEPPMRKW ; 2IX[SVO WIGYVMX] IWWIRXMEPW %TTPMGEXMSRW ERH 7XERHEVHW *SYVXL )HMXMSR9TTIV7EHHPI6MZIV2.4VIRXMGI,EPPT *SVKI6SGO-RG%RRYEP6ITSVX977IGYVMXMIWERH)\GLERKI'SQQMWWMSR 1EVGL 7IPZEHYVEM2MPSYJIV1H6M^[ERYP-WPEQERH4IXIV+MPPMIW9REYXLSVMWIHEGGIWWXS [MVIPIWWPSGEPEVIERIX[SVOW8LIPMQMXEXMSRWSJXLITVIWIRX%YWXVEPMERPE[W'SQTYXIV0E[ 7IGYVMX]6IZMI[RS 2SZIQFIV – 0I[MW,EVV]6IZMI[SJYREYXLSVM^IHEGGIWW%'17-+%'82I[WRS 1EVGL –LXXTH\HSMSVK 5. https://csec.uz/uz/news/maqolalar/O’zbekiston6IWTYFPMOEWMOMFIV\EZJWM^PMKM ]MPLMWSFSXM 6. Джураев Р.Х., Джаббаров Ш.Ю., Умирзаков Б.М. Сетевая безопасност. Учебник. –Т.: “Алокачи”, 2019, 308 с. 7. O‘z DSt ISO/IEC 23828.2007 O‘zbekiston Davlat Standarti. Axborot xavfsizligi. Atamalar va ta’riflar. Toshkent. ––FIX 175

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 8. А.Ю.Щеглов. Защита компьютернойинформации отнесанкционированного доступа. НаукаиТехника,СанктПетербург. 2004 %PJIVSZ:4%:&YXWOMOL%:/VMWMPSZ%(4STSZERH)%6SKS^MR9WISJ ERYQIVMGEPEREP]XMGEPQSHIPJSVEWWIWWMRKXLIJYRGXMSREPIJJIGXMZIRIWWSJERMRJSVQEXMSR TVSXIGXMSR W]WXIQ F] EREP]WMRK MXW TVSFEFMPMWXMGXIQTSVEP GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW ,IVEPH SJ (EKIWXER7XEXI8IGLRMGEP9RMZIVWMX]8IGLRMGEP7GMIRGIWRS %TVMP – 176

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 69<7%80%62-&37,5%6-7,(%2419%1137-:%92-2+=)',-1- 1YLVMHHMR5YPQEXSZ, O’rinboy Naziraliyev 91*8YRMZIVWiteti “Kommunikatsiya va raqamli texnologiyalar” kafedrasi o‘qituvchilari RE^MVEPM]IZYVMRFS]$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E1E^OYVMWLVY\WEXPEVRMFSWLUEVMWLHE2TQYSQQSWMZEYRMRK]IGLMQM haqida bo‘lib unda Np muommo sifatida Ryukzak masalasi tanlanib uning yechimi batafsil OIPXMVMPKER Kalit so‘zlar:2TQYEQQS6]YO^EOQEWEPEWMOMVMWLRMFSWLUEVMWLQEXVMXWEWMSF]IOX WYF]IOXJE]PXM^MQ 9WLFY QEUSPEHEKM EWSWM] QYEQQS JE]PPEVRM LMQS]E UMPMWL XM^MQPEVMHE IRK QYLMQ ehtiyot choralaridan biri bo‘lgan kirishni nazorat qilishdir. Asosiy kirish huquqlari egalik, o‘qish, yozish, bajarish, o‘chirish va boshqalar deb tasniflanadi. UsLFY VY\WEXRSQEPEV yozuvlarni, ma’lumotlar to‘plamlarini va dasturiy segmentlarni tasodifiy yoki zararli oshkor qilish, o‘zgartirish yoki yo‘q qilishning oldini olish uchun juda foydali. Kirishni boshqarish YGLYR UE]WM XM^MQ VIWYVWPEVMKE OMVMWL LYUYUMKE IKE IOERPMKMRM ERMUPE]HMKER OMVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL QEXVMXWEWMHER JS]HEPERMWL QYQOMR /MVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL QEXVMXWEWM LEV FMV foydalanuvchi subyekti va har bir resurs obyekti o‘rtasidagi munosabatni o‘rnatadi. Odatda QEZNYHSF]IOXPEVUEXSVPEVKEXYVPM\MPSF]IOXPEr esa ustunlarga o‘rnatiladi. Ushbu maqolada FEVGLEOMVMWLMQXM]S^PEVMVEUEQPEVFMPERMJSHEPEREHM,EVFMVJS]HEPERYZGLMQYWFEXFYXYRWSR i va har bir resurs musbat butun son j bilan belgilanadi. Kirish imtiyoziga ega bo‘lmagan har FMVQEXVMXWEIPIQIRXMKE UM]QEXFIVEQM^7LYRHE]UMPMFOMVMWLRMFSWLUEVMWLQEXVMXWEWM% HEKMEMN]S^YZMMJS]HEPERYZGLMRMRKNVIWYVWMKEXIKMWLPMOMVMWLMQXM]S^MRMERKPEXEHM NEHZEP 7YF]IO 3F]IOX 3 3 3 3 7 7 7 7 7 0: ruxsat yo‘q, 1:bajarish, 2:o‘qish, 3:yozish, 4:to‘la huquq Kirishni boshqarish matritsasi juda siyrak bo‘lgani uchun, uchun bunday matritsani amalga oshirish hech qachon samarali bo‘lmaydi. NPmuommolar to‘liq to‘plami juda katta va doimiy ravishda o‘siF FSVQSUHE 9PEV SVEWMHE 6]YO^EO QYSQQSWM ,EQMPXSR diagrammasi, Daydi savdogar masalasi kabi ko‘plab dolzarb muommolar mavjud. ,S^MVKEGLE 24to‘liq muammolarning hech birini eng yomon holatda biron bir polinom algoritm bilan hal qilib bo‘lmaydi. Boshqacha UMPMF E]XKERHE LEV UERHE] 24to‘liq QYEQQSRM LEP UMPMWL YGLYR IRK ]E\WLM EPKSVMXQ IRK ]SQSR LSPEXHE IOWTSRIRX ZEUX murakkabligiga ega. Ryukzak muommosi NPmuommolardan biri bo‘lganligi sababli, uni polinomial vaqt ichida hal qilib bo‘lmaydi. Bu orqali, kiVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL \EZJWM^PMKMKE 11 177

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil IVMWLMPEHM 1YWFEXFYXYRWSR'ZEFYXYRWSRPEVOIXQEOIXPMKM𝑆𝑆 = 𝑠𝑠1 , 𝑠𝑠2 , … … . , 𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛 ,FIVMPKERZEYRHE 7OIXQEOIXPMOHERSPMRKER∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖 = 𝐶𝐶XIRKPMORMUERSEXPERXMVEHMKERZE𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 = 0 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 1 ≤ 𝑖𝑖 ≤ 𝑛𝑛WLEVXRMFENEVEHMKER\MQEZNYHQM# 6]YO^EOQEWEPEWMRMRKXE VMJMFMPERFYMOOMPMOZIOXSVRMFELSPEWLMRMERKPEXEHM 𝐶𝐶 = 𝑋𝑋 ∙ (𝑆𝑆) 𝑇𝑇 𝑋𝑋 = (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑥𝑥2 , … … … . , 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ) 1MWSPYGLYRFIVMPKERFYXYRWSR𝐶𝐶 = 14ZE 𝑆𝑆 = (1, 10, 5, 22, 3) ZIOXSV YGLYR 𝑋𝑋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𝑆𝑆 ′ = (𝑠𝑠 ′1 , 𝑠𝑠 ′ 2 , … … . , 𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑛𝑛 FIVMPKER𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖, 𝑒𝑒, … ., 𝑖𝑖−1 𝑠𝑠′𝑖𝑖 > ∑𝑗𝑗=1 𝑠𝑠′𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖 = 1,2, , 𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢ℎ𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢. 𝑢𝑢 > ∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1 𝑠𝑠′𝑖𝑖 &YXYRQYWFEXIOEPMXWMJEXMHEFIVMPKER 𝑒𝑒 ∙ 𝑑𝑑 = 1𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢ZEgcd(𝑑𝑑, 𝑢𝑢) = 1 𝑆𝑆 = 𝑒𝑒 ∙ 𝑆𝑆 ′ 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢 = (𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠 ′ 2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢, … … , 𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑛𝑛 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢) = (𝑠𝑠1 , 𝑠𝑠2 , … … , 𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛 ). 1E\JM]OEPMXWMJEXMHE(𝑑𝑑, 𝑢𝑢)FIVMPKER 1EZNYHWLMJVFYXYRWSR'UM]QEXMWLYRHE] 𝑠𝑠1 𝐶𝐶 = 𝑋𝑋 ∙ (𝑆𝑆)𝑇𝑇 = (𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 … … 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ∙ (𝑠𝑠.2 ) ,MWSFPEWL' WLYRHE] .. 𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛 𝐶𝐶 ′ = 𝑑𝑑 ∙ 𝐶𝐶 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑑𝑑 ∙ (𝑋𝑋 ∙ 𝑆𝑆 𝑇𝑇 )𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑑𝑑 ∙ 𝑋𝑋 ∙ (𝑒𝑒 ∙ 𝑆𝑆 ′ )𝑇𝑇 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑋𝑋 ∙ (𝑆𝑆 ′ )𝑇𝑇 . 8EOPMJKE OS VE 7 ZIOXSVMRMRK YWLFY ]S^YZPEVM S XE SVXMF FSVE]SXKERPMKM WEFEFPM 𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑖𝑖 > 𝑖𝑖=1 ′ ∑𝑗𝑗=1 𝑠𝑠 𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖 = 1,2, … . . , 𝑛𝑛 YGLYR 𝑋𝑋 = (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑥𝑥2 , … … . , 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ) FSSP ZIGXSV prosedura bo’yicha UY]MHEKMGLELEPUMPMRMWLMQYQOMR =YUSVMHE E]XMF S XMPKERMHIO FM^ HM^E]RIV *MRMRK SWSRKMRE ]IGLMPEHMKER 6]YO^EO ZIOXSVMRMRMWFEXMFMPERW6]YO^EOMGLMKEE]PERXMVMWLMQYQOMRPMKMRMOS VEQM^ 12 178

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 𝑆𝑆 = (𝑒𝑒 ∙ 𝑆𝑆 ′ )𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢. JSVQYPEHEFY7IPIQIRXPEVMWS\XEXEWSHMJM]LMWSFPEREHMWLYRMRKYGLYRWZEH IQEWFEPOMWRMFMPEHMKERLEVFMVOMWLMWRMS ^MGLMKESPKER6]YO^EOQYEQQSWMRMLEPUMPMWLHE OEXXEUM]MRGLMPMOPEVKEHYGLOIPMWLMERMU &YRHER XEWLUEVM FSWLUE LIGL OMQ SWSRPMOGLE ]IGLMQ XSTE SPQEWPMKM YGLYR FM^ OMVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL QEXVMXWEWMRM TWIZHSXEWSHMJKE E]PERXMVEQM^ OMVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWL QEXVMXWEWMRMRK ZEVMERXM FM^RMRK HEZVMQM^RMRK \EZJWM^PMKM FMPER XEUUSWPEREHMKER ZE JS]HEPM bo‘lishi mumkin.An’anaviy ravishda fayl XM^MQM HER T KEGLE VEUEQPERKER XYVPM \MP foydalanuvchilarni ushlab turadi va q boshqacha 1 dan q gacha bo‘lgan fayllar. Har doim foydalanuvchi i tizimga qo‘shilsa, unga mos keladi q imtiyozlari uchun fayllar aniqlanishi kerak (xuddi shunday faylga qo‘shMPMWL YGLYR /MVMWLRM FSWLUEVMWLKE IVMWLMWL YGLYR JE]P tizimi ushbu kirish imtiyozlariga muvofiq ba’zi bir asosiy qiymatlarni yaratish uchun talab qilinadi,keyinchalik olish uchun jadvallarda, ya’ni foydalanuvchi fayllari kalitlari jadvalida WEUPEREHM/Iling, beshta oddiy kirishni boshqarish matritsasini ko‘rib chiqaylik 1.1NEHZEPHE tasvirlangan foydalanuvchilar va o‘nta fayl. Foydalanuvchilar va fayllarning paydo bo‘lish OIXQEOIXPMKMYGLYRQMWSPUY]MHEKMGLE9**9**9***9* 9**,YNYQREXMNEWMHEOMVMWLRMFSWLUEVMWLW\IQEWMRMRKSWSRFY^MPMWLMRMSPHMRMSPMWL YGLYR FM^ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 OMVMWL FSWLUEVYZMRMRK EWP QEXVMXWEWMRM 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 TWIZHSXEWSHMJM] ZEVMERX QEXVMXWEWMKEUY]MHEKMGLEE]PERXMVEQM^ NEHZEP/04HMREQMOLMQS]EXM^MQMRMXEWLOMPUMPMWL <YPSWE Kirish huquqlari sifatida o‘qish, yozish, o‘chirish va yangi ma’lumot qo‘shish kabi MQOSRM]EXPEVXERPEFSPMRHM2TQYSQQSWMJEXMHE6]YO^EOQEWEPEWM]IGLMQMZEYRMRKXELPMPMKE alohida to‘xtalib o‘tildi. Kirishni boshqarish xavfsizligiga polinomial vaqt ichiHE LEP UMPMF bo‘lmaydigan Np muommo Ryukzak muommosi orqali erishildi. %HEFM]SXPEV +EFVMIP.YLEW*IHSV0ILSGOM-7)1%28-'73*4)86-2)87%'314%6-732 )MOI&IWX6E]QSRH(IZMPPIVW 1EGMIN/SYXR]4IXVM2IX7IQERXMGW )TWXIMR47ERHLY6)RKMRIIVMRKSJVSPITIVQMWWMSREWWMKRQIRXW7IZIRXIIRXL%RRYEP 'SQTYXIV7IGYVMX]%TTPMGEXMSRW'SRJIVIRGI–-)))–С. 127 )TWXIMR 4IXI ERH 6EZM 7ERHLY )RKMRIIVMRK SJ VSPITIVQMWWMSR EWWMKRQIRXW 7IZIRXIIRXL%RRYEP'SQTYXIV7IGYVMX]%TTPMGEXMSRW'SRJIVIRGI-))) )TWXIMR4 7ERHLY6 (IGIQFIV )RKMRIIVMRKSJVSPITIVQMWWMSREWWMKRQIRXW -R7IZIRXIIRXL%RRYEP'SQTYXIV7IGYVMX]%TTPMGEXMSRW'SRJIVIRGI TT -))) 13 179

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil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zbekistan’s Ministry of Digital Technologies (MDT) announced on 27 October 2023 the GSQQIVGMEPPEYRGLSJQSFMPIRYQFIVTSVXEFMPMX] 124 GSRJMVQMRKXLEXJMZISTIVEXSVW –&IIPMRI Ucell, Uzbektelecom, Mobiuz and the country’s sole1:23 ,YQERW – RS[ TVSZMHI RYQFIV TSVXMRK'(1%FEWIHRIX[SVOSTIVEXSV4IVJIGXYQHSIWRSXSJJIVXLIWIVZMGI “Mobile slavery” has been abolished in Uzbekistan. This was announced by the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