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II XALQARO ANJUMAN.
UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
texnologiya rivojidagi ahamiyati haqida umumiy tushunchalar berilgan. Mazkur maqola ilmiynazariy yondashuv asosida yozilgan bo‘lib, unda mavjud adabiyotlar va tarixiy manbalar tahlili
orqali mavzuning dolzarbligi ochib berilgan hamda algoritmik fikrlashning bugungi kundagi
o‘rni asoslab berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: algoritm, sun’iy intellekt, tafakkur evolyutsiyasi, algebra, ilm-fan,
texnologiya, algoritmik fikrlash.
Аннотация. В данной статье освещается научное наследие Мухаммада ибн Мусы
аль-Хорезми и его роль в развитии человеческого мышления. Основное внимание уделено
понятию алгоритмического мышления, сформированного ученым, а также его связи с
современными технологиями искусственного интеллекта. В статье последовательно
рассматриваются исторические этапы эволюции мышления — от древних времен до
современного цифрового общества. Также приводятся общие сведения о применении
алгоритмов и искусственного интеллекта в различных сферах, их значении для развития
науки и технологий. Данная статья написана на основе научно-теоретического подхода,
в ней раскрывается актуальность темы посредством анализа существующей
литературы и исторических источников, а также обосновывается роль
алгоритмического мышления в современном мире.
Ключевые слова: алгоритм, искусственный интеллект, эволюция мышления,
алгебра, наука, технологии, алгоритмическое мышление.
Abstract. This article highlights the scientific heritage of Muhammad ibn Musa alKhwarizmi and his role in the development of human thinking. The main focus is on the concept
of algorithmic thinking formed by the scholar and its connection with modern artificial
intelligence technologies. The paper consistently describes the historical stages of the evolution
of thinking, from ancient times to the present digital society. It also provides general insights
into the application of algorithms and artificial intelligence in various fields, as well as their
importance in the development of science and technology. This article is written based on a
scientific-theoretical approach, revealing the relevance of the topic through the analysis of
existing literature and historical sources, and substantiating the role of algorithmic thinking in
today’s world.
Keywords: algorithm, artificial intelligence, evolution of thinking, algebra, science,
technology, algorithmic thinking.
KIRISH
Inson tafakkuri taraqqiyoti jamiyat rivojining asosiy omillaridan biri
hisoblanadi. Tafakkur orqali inson atrof-muhitni anglaydi, muammolarni hal qiladi
va yangi bilimlarni yaratadi. Tarixiy jarayonlarga nazar tashlaydigan bo‘lsak,
insoniyat tafakkuri oddiy kuzatish va tajribadan boshlab, murakkab ilmiy
nazariyalar va texnologik yechimlargacha bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanib kelganini
ko‘rish mumkin. Ayniqsa, matematika va mantiq fanlarining shakllanishi tafakkur
rivojida muhim o‘rin tutadi. Shu nuqtai nazardan, buyuk alloma Muhammad ibn
Musa al-Xorazmiyning ilmiy merosi alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi.
IX asrda yashab ijod qilgan Xorazmiy nafaqat Sharq, balki jahon ilm-fani
rivojiga katta hissa qo‘shgan olimlardan biridir. Xorazmiy nafaqat algebra faniga
asos sol, balki algoritm tushunchasining ham otasi hisoblanadi. U tomonidan
yaratilgan O‘nlik pozitsion sistema: U hind raqamlari asosida o‘nlik sanoq
sistemasini takomillashtirdi va amaliyotga kiritdi. Bu sonlar bilan hisob-kitob
qilishni (qo‘shish, ayirish, ko‘paytirish, bo‘lish) osonlashtirdi. Algoritm
tushunchasi: Uning "Hisob al-Hind" (Hind hisobi) asarida ko‘rsatilgan hisoblash
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UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
qoidalari, ya’ni muayyan bir tartibda amalga oshiriladigan qadamli ko‘rsatmalar
bugungi kompyuter algoritmlarining asosi bo‘ldi.
"Al-jabr" (Algebra): U muammolarni tenglamalar yordamida yechish usulini
yaratdi, bu esa mantiqiy tafakkurni matematik modellashtirishga olib keldi. U
yaratgan algebra fanining asoslari va matematik muammolarni yechishning tizimli
usullari keyingi asrlarda ilmiy tafakkurning rivojlanishiga kuchli ta’sir ko‘rsatgan.
Ayniqsa, uning algoritmik yondashuvi bugungi zamonaviy axborot
texnologiyalarining nazariy asosini tashkil etadi. “Algoritm” atamasi aynan
Xorazmiy nomidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, bu uning ilmiy merosining naqadar
muhim ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
Tafakkur Evolyutsiyasi: Mexanikadan Raqamligacha Xorazmiy asos solgan
uslub asrlar davomida takomillashib bordi: O‘rta asrlar va Uyg‘onish davri:
Xorazmiyning asarlari Yevropa tillariga tarjima qilindi va G‘arbda matematika
hamda astronomiyaning rivojlanishiga asos bo‘ldi (Algorezimus). Sanoq
mashinalari (XVII-XIX asrlar): Blez Paskal va Leybnits kabi olimlar hisoblash
jarayonlarini mexanizatsiyalashga harakat qilishdi. Kompyuter davri (XX asr):
Alan Tyuring va Jon fon Neyman kabi olimlar raqamli kompyuterlarning nazariy
asoslarini yaratishdi, bunda asosiy e’tibor yana Xorazmiy ko‘rsatganidek, qadamli
algoritmlarga qaratildi.
Bugungi kunda ilm-fan va texnologiyalar jadal sur’atlar bilan
rivojlanmoqda. Sun’iy intellekt, katta ma’lumotlar (big data), mashinaviy
o‘rganish kabi tushunchalar zamonaviy jamiyat hayotining ajralmas qismiga
aylanib bormoqda. Bu texnologiyalarning barchasi esa algoritmik tafakkurga
asoslanadi.
Sun’iy Intelekt: Tafakkurning yangi bosqichi (XXI asr). Sun’iy intelekt (SI)
— bu kompyuterlarga ma’lumotlardan o‘rganish va qaror qabul qilish imkonini
beruvchi texnologiya. Mashinali o‘rganish (Machine Learning): Bu usulda
kompyuterga aniq algoritm berilmaydi, balki ma’lumotlar asosida algoritmning
o‘zi shakllanadi. Neyron tarmoqlari: Inson miyasi tuzilishiga taqlid qiluvchi
tizimlar. Demak, qadimiy ilmiy qarashlar bilan zamonaviy texnologiyalar o‘rtasida
uzviy bog‘liqlik mavjud. Shu sababli, Xorazmiy ilmiy merosini o‘rganish va uning
zamonaviy sun’iy intellekt bilan bog‘liqligini tahlil qilish dolzarb masalalardan biri
hisoblanadi.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, Algoritmlar yordamida murakkab hisob-kitoblarni
bosqichma-bosqich va tizimli ravishda hal qilish imkoniyati paydo bo‘ldi, bu esa
nafaqat matematika va astronomiya sohasida, balki bugungi kunda kompyuter
texnologiyalari va sun’iy intellektning rivojlanishida ham asosiy tamoyilga
aylandi.
Bugungi sun’iy intellekt tizimlari, murakkab ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish,
mantiqiy qarorlar qabul qilish va inson faoliyatini avtomatlashtirish imkoniyatiga
ega bo‘lishi, asosan, al-Xorazmiy tomonidan boshlangan aniq va tizimli hisoblash
evolyutsiyasining davomidir. Shu tariqa, IX asrdagi ilmiy tafakkur va algoritmik
yondashuvlar zamonaviy texnologiyalar va sun’iy intellekt sohasida insoniyatning
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UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
bilim chegaralarini kengaytirishda beqiyos ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Shu bilan birga
Muhammad ibn al-Xorazmiy tomonidan asos solingan algoritmik tafakkur inson
fikrlash qobiliyatini mashina tili bilan bog‘lovchi ko‘prik bo‘ldi.
Xorazmiydan SIga ko‘prik Xorazmiyning "aniq ko‘rsatmalar orqali
muammoni yechish" tamoyili bugungi sun’iy intelektning ham negizidir. Farqi
shundaki, Xorazmiy algoritmlarni inson aqli bilan yaratgan va hisoblagan bo‘lsa,
bugungi kunda mashinalar o‘zlari uchun algoritmlar yaratishni (o‘rganishni)
boshladi. Bu tafakkur evolyutsiyasining eng yuqori cho‘qqisi — inson
intellektining mashina intellektiga ko‘chishi jarayonidir.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:
1. Donald Knuth, “The Art of ComputerProgramming”.
2. Saeed A.S. “Al-Khwarizmi and the FoundationsvofAlgebra”.
3. Rosenfeld B.A. “Mathematics in the Middle Ages”.
4. Muhammad ibn Muso al- Xorazmiy. Tanlangan asarlar. –T.: “Fan”, 1983- yil.
5. Ahadova M. “ O‘rta Osiyolik mashhur matematiklar”. Toshkent, 1964y. 156-174b.
YUSUF XOS HOJIB ASARLARIDA MULOQOT MADANIYATI VA NUTQ
ODOBINING IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY MOHIYATI
SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ESSENCE OF COMMUNICATION CULTURE
AND SPEECH EDUCATION IN THE WORKS OF YUSUF KHOS HAJIB
Ismoilova Zuxrahon Saydullajon qizi, AndDPU
pedagogika Fakulteti ta’lim yo‘nalishi 3-kurs talabasi
Ismoilova Zukhrahon Saydullajon kizi, AndSPU
3rd year student of the Faculty of Pedagogy
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada XI asr mutafakkiri Yusuf Xos Hojibning shoh asari
hisoblangan “Qutadg‘u bilig”da bayon etilgan muloqot madaniyati va nutq odobining ijtimoiyfalsafiy asoslari tizimli ravishda tadqiq etiladi. Tadqiqotda tilning inson kamoloti va davlat
boshqaruvidagi o‘rni, so‘z mas’uliyatining ahamiyati hamda turli ijtimoiy tabaqalar o‘rtasidagi
muloqotning axloqiy normalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot turkiy sivilizatsiya doirasidagi
madaniyatlararo muloqotning tarixiy ildizlarini yoritib beradi va Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafiy
merosining “Uchinchi Renessans” poydevorini yaratishdagi zamonaviy ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.
Bundan tashqari, ushbu qadimiy axloqiy tamoyillarni zamonaviy ta’lim tizimi, davlat boshqaruvi va
raqamli muloqotga integratsiya qilish bo‘yicha amaliy taklif va tavsiyalar berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: Yusuf Xos Hojib, Qutadg‘u bilig, muloqot madaniyati, nutq odobi, ijtimoiy
falsafa, sivilizatsiya, Uchinchi Renessans, diplomatik etika, lingvistik mas’uliyat
Abstract: This article systematically investigates the socio-philosophical foundations of
communication culture and speech etiquette as presented in "Qutadgu Bilig," the masterpiece of the
11th-century thinker Yusuf Khass Hajib. The research analyzes the role of language in human
perfection and state administration, the significance of word responsibility, and the ethical norms of
communication between various social strata. The study highlights the historical roots of
intercultural dialogue within the Turkic civilization and demonstrates the contemporary relevance of
Yusuf Khass Hajib’s philosophical heritage in building the foundations of the "Third Renaissance."
Furthermore, practical proposals and recommendations are provided to integrate these ancient
ethical principles into modern educational systems, public administration, and digital
communication.
Keywords: Yusuf Khass Hajib, Qutadgu Bilig, communication culture, speech etiquette, social
philosophy, civilization, Third.
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II XALQARO ANJUMAN.
UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
KIRISH
Yangi O‘zbekiston taraqqiyotining bugungi bosqichida ma’naviy-axloqiy
qadriyatlarni tiklash va ularni zamonaviy jamiyat rivojiga tatbiq etish ustuvor
vazifadir. Oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligining 2026-yil 16-yanvardagi
buyrug‘i bilan tasdiqlangan konferensiya mavzusi - “Uchinchi Renessans
poydevorini yaratishda Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafiy merosining ahamiyati” - bejiz
tanlanmagan. Muloqot madaniyati har qanday sivilizatsiyaning asosi hisoblanadi.
Yusuf Xos Hojib o‘zining “Qutadg‘u bilig” asari orqali nafaqat turkiy davlatchilik,
balki insonlararo muloqotning universal modelini yaratgan. Ushbu maqolada
muloqot madaniyati va nutq odobi ijtimoiy-falsafiy kategoriya sifatida tahlil
qilinadi. Insoniyat sivilizatsiyasi tarixida madaniyatlararo muloqot va o‘zaro
hamjihatlik masalasi har doim strategik ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib kelgan. Bugungi
globallashuv davrida, sivilizatsiyalar o‘rtasidagi ziddiyatlar va ma’naviy inqirozlar
kuchaygan bir sharoitda, Sharq Uyg‘onish davri mutafakkirlarining falsafiy
merosiga murojaat qilish nafaqat akademik qiziqish, balki hayotiy zaruriyatdir.
Ayniqsa, O‘zbekistonda Uchinchi Renessans poydevori yaratilayotgan,
milliy o‘zlikni anglash va umuminsoniy qadriyatlarni ulug‘lash davlat siyosatining
ustuvor yo‘nalishiga aylangan bir paytda, Yusuf Xos Hojibning “Qutadg‘u bilig”
asari ushbu jarayonning ma’naviy-huquqiy asosi bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Yusuf Xos
Hojib XI asrda Qoraxoniylar davlatining ijtimoiy-siyosiy va madaniy yuksalishi
davrida yashab ijod etgan bo‘lib, u o‘z asari orqali turkiy xalqlarning falsafiy
dunyoqarashini tizimlashtirdi. “Qutadg‘u bilig” (Saodatga yo‘llovchi bilim)
shunchaki adabiy doston emas, balki borliqning ontologik asoslari, jamiyat
boshqaruvining huquqiy mezonlari va inson kamolotining axloqiy qonuniyatlarini
o‘zida mujassam etgan fundamental ensiklopedik asardir. Ma’lumki, XI asr
Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasida turli madaniyatlar, dinlar va falsafiy oqimlar (islom
falsafasi, qadimgi turkiy e’tiqodlar va antik yunon tafakkuri) kesishgan davr
hisoblanadi. Mutafakkir ushbu turli xil qarashlarni o‘zaro muloqotga keltirib,
ularni yagona bir falsafiy tizim — "Adolatli va saodatli jamiyat" g‘oyasi atrofida
birlashtira oldi.
Ushbu tadqiqotning dolzarbligi shundaki, Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafasida
madaniyatlararo muloqot shunchaki siyosiy diplomatiya emas, balki ontologik
(borliqiy) xarakterga ega. Ya’ni, mutafakkir dunyoni bir butun organizm sifatida
ko‘radi, undagi har bir millat, qatlam yoki shaxs ushbu borliqning ajralmas
qismidir. Uning asarida ilgari surilgan “Komil inson” konsepsiyasi turli madaniyat
vakillari uchun umumiy bo‘lgan axloqiy "til" vazifasini o‘taydi. Maqolaning
maqsadi, Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafasidagi borliq tushunchalarini zamonaviy
madaniyatshunoslik va falsafa prizmasidan turib tahlil qilish, asardagi ramziy
obrazlar muloqoti orqali global hamjihatlikning qadimiy manbalarini ochib
berishdan iborat. Shuningdek, asarning bugungi kunda Yangi O‘zbekiston
ma’naviy poydevorini mustahkamlashdagi o‘rni va ahamiyatini ilmiy asoslab
berish tadqiqotimizning muhim vazifalaridan biri sanaladi. Ontologik nuqtayi
nazardan Yusuf Xos Hojib qarashlarini o‘rganish, bizga nafaqat o‘tmishni, balki
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II XALQARO ANJUMAN.
UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
kelajakdagi madaniy transformatsiyalarni ham to‘g‘ri prognoz qilish imkonini
beradi.
Tadqiqot metodologiyasi. Tadqiqot jarayonida Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafasini
o‘rganish uchun qiyosiy-tarixiy tahlil, tizimli yondashuv va germenevtika (matnni
sharhlash) metodlaridan foydalanildi. Shuningdek, asardagi muloqot tamoyillari
bugungi kun ijtimoiy psixologiyasi va etikasi bilan qiyosiy o‘rganildi. Maqolaning
asosi sifatida “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarining turli nashrlari va olimlarning unga yozgan
sharhlari olingan.
Natijalar va muhokama. Yusuf Xos Hojib Falsafasida Til va So‘zning
Ontologik Mohiyati Yusuf Xos Hojib tilni shunchaki aloqa vositasi emas, balki
insonning butun borlig‘ini, uning aqliy va axloqiy darajasini belgilovchi mezon
deb hisoblaydi.
“Kishi ko‘rki so‘zdir, bu so‘z ko‘rki til,
Kishi tili birla baxt topsa, bil.” [1, 50-b.]
Ushbu baytda mutafakkir insonning jamiyatdagi mavqei uning muloqot
qobiliyatiga bog‘liqligini ta’kidlaydi. Til insonni hayvondan ajratib turuvchi, unga
izzat va sharaf keltiruvchi ne’matdir. Shu bilan birga, muloqotda mas’uliyatsizlik
inson boshiga balo keltirishi ham mumkinligi haqida ogohlantiradi:
“Tilingni avayla, boshing ketmasin,
So‘zingni avayla, tishing sinmasin.”
Nutq Odobining Ijtimoiy-Psixologik Tamoyillari.
Yusuf Xos Hojib
muloqotda "me'yor" (o‘lchov) tushunchasini birinchi o‘ringa qo‘yadi. Uning
fikricha, ortiqcha gapirish aqlning kamligidan, o‘ylab gapirish esa
donishmandlikdan dalolatdir. Shirin so‘zlik: Mutafakkir muloqotda shirinso‘zlikni
"asal"ga qiyoslaydi va u har qanday muzlagan ko‘ngilni eritishini aytadi.
Rostgo‘ylik: Yolg‘on so‘zlash muloqotni zaharlovchi eng katta illatdir. Inson so‘zi
bilan amali bir bo‘lishi shart. Tinglash madaniyati: Muloqot faqat gapirish emas,
balki tinglash hamdir. Dono inson so‘zlagandan ko‘ra, tinglashni afzal ko‘radi.
Ijtimoiy Tabaqalararo Muloqot va Davlat Etikasi Asarda jamiyatning turli
qatlamlari (beklar, vazirlar, elchilar, hunarmandlar, dehqonlar) o‘rtasidagi
muloqotning o‘ziga xos "kodeksi" ishlab chiqilgan. Hukmdor va xalq muloqoti:
Rahbar xalq bilan adolat va muloyimlik tilida gaplashishi kerak. Elchilik
madaniyati: Yusuf Xos Hojib elchilarni davlatning "tili" deb ataydi[4]. Elchi bir
necha tillarni bilishi, gapga chechan va psixolog bo‘lishi lozim. Zero, birgina
noto‘g‘ri so‘z urushga, to‘g‘ri so‘z esa tinchlikka sabab bo‘lishi mumkin.
Renaissance, diplomatic ethics, linguistic responsibility. Yusuf Xos Hojib
falsafasida madaniyatlararo muloqotning ontologik ildizlari insonning borliq
oldidagi mas'uliyatiga borib taqaladi. Mutafakkir dunyoni turg‘un emas, balki
doimiy harakatdagi jarayon deb biladi. Uning uchun borliq — bu "Qut" (saodat)
manbai bo‘lib, unga erishish uchun inson boshqa insonlar bilan muloqotga
kirishishi shart. Ontologik nuqtayi nazardan, mutafakkir "Aql" va "Bilim"ni
borliqni anglashning yagona yo‘li deb ko‘rsatadi. Turli madaniyatlar turlicha tilda
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UCHINCHI RENESSANS POYDEVORINI YARATISHDA
YUSUF XOS HOJIB FALSAFIY MEROSINING AHAMIYATI
2026-yil 15-may
gaplashishi mumkin, ammo "Aql" tili hamma uchun bir xildir[3]. Bu esa
madaniyatlararo muloqotning fundamental asosi hisoblanadi. Asarda keltirilgan:
"Bilig bildi boldi kishi belgülüg,
Biliglig kishi munda mangu tirig".
(Bilim bildi va inson belgilandi (tanildi), bilimli kishi bu dunyoda mangu
tirikdir). Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafasida madaniyatlararo muloqot masalasi shunchaki
lisoniy hodisa emas, balki borliqning muvozanatlashgan holatidir. Tadqiqotimiz
shuni ko‘rsatadiki, mutafakkir ilgari surgan to‘rt asosiy tushuncha (Adolat, Baxt,
Aql, Qanoat) nafaqat shaxsiy kamolot, balki xalqaro munosabatlarning ham
ontologik ustunlaridir. "Qutadg‘u bilig" asaridagi muloqot strategiyasi Arastuning
"Ritorika" va Forobiyning "Madaniy shahar" g‘oyalari bilan qiyoslanganda, Yusuf
Xos Hojibning yondashuvi ko‘proq amaliy etikaga tayangani ko‘rinadi. Masalan,
asardagi "O‘tkinchi dunyo" g‘oyasi madaniyatlarni bir-biriga qarshi qo‘yish emas,
balki ularni umumiy insoniy taqdir yo‘lida birlashtirishga xizmat qiladi. Bu esa
bugungi kunda "Uchinchi Renessans" poydevorini yaratishda milliy qadriyatlarni
global qadriyatlar bilan qanday integratsiya qilish kerakligi bo‘yicha metodologik
yo‘llanma beradi[2].
Asosiy qism: Yusuf Xos Hojib falsafasida muloqot strategiyalari
So‘zning Ijtimoiy va Ma’naviy Fenomeni. Yusuf Xos Hojib so‘zni
shunchaki tovushlar yig‘indisi emas, balki koinotdagi eng qudratli kuch deb biladi.
Uning fikricha, muloqot insonning ichki dunyosini tashqi olamga olib chiquvchi
yagona yo‘ldir.
“Kishi ko‘rki so‘zdir, bu so‘z ko‘rki til,
Kishi tili birla baxt topsa, bil”. [1, 52-b.]
Tahlil: Mutafakkir bu yerda muloqotning "estetik" va "utilitar" (amaliy)
jihatlarini birlashtiradi. "Ko‘rk" so‘zi orqali nutqning go‘zalligi insonning tashqi
qiyofasidan ustun turishini ta’kidlaydi. Bugungi kunda bu tushuncha "shaxsiy
brend" va "imidj" tushunchalari bilan hamohangdir. Inson qanchalik bilimli
bo‘lmasin, agar muloqot madaniyati (til ko‘rki) bo‘lmasa, u jamiyatda o‘z o‘rnini
topa olmaydi.
Nutq Etikasida "Oltin Me'yor" Tamoyil. Maqolaning ushbu bo‘limida
mutafakkirning kam gapirish va ma’noli so‘zlash haqidagi qarashlari chuqur tahlil
qilinadi.
“Sukun saqla, so‘zni so‘zla keragida,
Ortiq so‘z – zahar, oz so‘z – dori tagida.”
Tahlil: Yusuf Xos Hojib muloqotda "axborot zichligi" (information density)
tarafdori. U ko‘p gapirishni aqlning zaifligi, muloqotning samarasizligi deb
baholaydi.Lof urishga qarshi kurash: Muloqotda mubolag‘a va yolg‘on insonning
ishonchlilik (credibility) darajasini tushiradi. Sukunat madaniyati: Ba’zan sukut
saqlash eng kuchli muloqot vositasi ekanligini uqtiradi. Bu bugungi diplomatiyada
"strategik pauza" tushunchasiga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Ijtimoiy Iyerarxiyada Muloqot Modellarining Tahlili. Yusuf Xos Hojib
jamiyatni bir butun organizm deb biladi va har bir a’zoning muloqot uslubi o‘ziga
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xos bo‘lishi kerakligini ta’kidlaydi: Hukmdor va Vazir muloqoti: Bu yerda
muloqot subordinaсiya va o‘zaro mas’uliyatga asoslanadi. Hukmdorning tili o‘tkir
qilichdek bo‘lishi, lekin adolatdan chiqmasligi kerak. Olimlar va Ziyolilar
muloqoti:
“Bilim bilsa, so‘zlar bilimlik kishi,
Bilimlik so‘zi – bu jahonning ishi”.
Olimlar bilan muloqotda "argumentatsiya" (dalillash) va "kamtarlik" asosiy
mezondir. Elchi (Diplomat) obrazi: Elchi — madaniyatlararo muloqotning eng
yuqori nuqtasi. Uning tili "elning taqdirini hal qiladi". Hojib elchiga qo‘yiladigan
10 dan ortiq talablarni sanab o‘tadi (shirinso‘zlik, tezkor idrok, bir necha tilni
bilish, xushmuomalalik).
Nutq odobidagi salbiy illatlarning falsafiy talqini chaqimchilik va g‘iybat: bu
illatlar ijtimoiy aloqalarni uzuvchi "zahar" sifatida tasvirlanadi. Qo‘pollik: Inson
qalbini jarohatlovchi so‘z — muloqotning eng tub darajasi.
“Til - shunday arslonki, bo‘sag‘ada yotar,
Ehtiyot bo‘lmasang, o‘z boshingni yutar.”
Madaniyatlararo muloqotning qadimgi manbasi sifatida Yusuf Xos Hojib
turkiy xalqlar bilan birga boshqa millat vakillari bilan munosabat o‘rnatishda
"Umuminsoniy axloq" (Global Ethics) tamoyillariga tayanadi. Uning falsafasida
"yaxshi so‘z" — barcha madaniyatlar uchun tushunarli bo‘lgan yagona tildir.
Yusuf Xos Hojib muloqot etikasi va zamonaviy jamiyat: qiyosiy tahlil.
Raqamli muloqot va "So‘z mas'uliyati" muammosi,
Bugungi
axborotlashgan jamiyatda, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va messenjerlar davrida muloqot
tezlashdi, biroq uning sifati va mas’uliyati pasaydi. Yusuf Xos Hojibning "Tilingni
avayla, boshing ketmasin" degan ogohlantirishi bugungi "kiber-etika" (cyberethics) uchun tamal toshidir. Tahlil: Ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi izohlar (comment),
postlar va xabarlar — bularning barchasi zamonaviy "til"dir. Mutafakkir
aytganidek, o‘ylamay aytilgan (yoki yozilgan) birgina so‘z shaxsning
reputatsiyasiga, ijtimoiy mavqeiga va hatto xavfsizligiga rahna solishi mumkin.
"Uchinchi Renessans" va muloqot madaniyati Renessans — bu, avvalo,
tafakkur va muloqot inqilobidir. Yusuf Xos Hojib asarida keltirilgan "bilig" (bilim)
va "ukush" (idrok) tushunchalari zamonaviy ta’lim tizimidagi "Soft Skills"
(yumshoq ko‘nikmalar) tushunchasi bilan bevosita bog‘liq. Ko‘nikmalar
integratsiyasi: Bugungi kunda ish beruvchilar va jamiyat a’zolari mutaxassisdan
nafaqat bilim, balki jamoada ishlash, muloqotga kirishish va diplomatik mahoratni
talab qilmoqda. "Qutadg‘u bilig"dagi muloqot kodeksi — bu XI asrda yaratilgan
mukammal "Soft Skills" darsligidir.
Korporativ etika va boshqaruv muloqoti Hozirgi zamon menejmentida
(boshqaruvida) rahbar va xodim o‘rtasidagi muloqot muhim o‘rin tutadi. Yusuf
Xos Hojibning "Bek" (rahbar) va uning atrofdagilari bilan muloqoti haqidagi
tavsiyalari zamonaviy korporativ madaniyat (corporate culture) bilan hayratlanarli
darajada o‘xshash: Feedback (Qayta aloqa): Hojib rahbarning xalq va xizmatchilar
gapini eshitishi (listening skills) haqida yozadi. Motivatsiya: Shirin so‘z va adolatli
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nutq orqali xodimlarni ilhomlantirish — mutafakkir falsafasining markazida turadi.
"Yaxshi so‘z bilan kishi ko‘nglini ovla, bu ko‘ngil ovlash senga davlat keltiradi."
[1, 120-b.]
Diplomatik muloqot va xalqaro munosabatlar. Global nizolar kuchaygan
hozirgi davrda Yusuf Xos Hojibning "Tinchlikparvar muloqot" (Peaceful
communication) g‘oyasi juda dolzarb. Tahlil:
Mutafakkir urushni so‘z bilan to‘xtatish mumkinligiga ishongan. Uning
elchilarga bergan o‘gitlari bugungi BMT darajasidagi muzokaralar etikasi bilan
mos tushadi. Madaniyatlararo muloqotda o‘zaro hurmat va "Common Ground"
(umumiy til) topish tamoyillari asarda batafsil yoritilgan.
Nutq madaniyati va pedagogik muloqot; Ta’lim jarayonida o‘qituvchi va
talaba muloqoti — bilim berishning asosi. Yusuf Xos Hojib o‘qituvchining nutqi
qanday bo‘lishi kerakligini "O‘gdulmish" obrazi orqali ko‘rsatadi: sabrli, dalillarga
boy va tushunarli. Bu esa zamonaviy interaktiv pedagogikaning asosiy talabidir.
Tadqiqot natijalari asosida vi ishlab chiqilgan taklif va tavsiyalar
Yusuf Xos Hojibning “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarida ilgari surilgan muloqot
madaniyati va nutq odobi tamoyillari shunchaki tarixiy meros emas, balki
zamonaviy jamiyatning ma’naviy-axloqiy inqirozlariga qarshi samarali vositadir.
Tadqiqot davomida aniqlangan xulosalar asosida quyidagi amaliy tavsiyalar ilgari
suriladi:
Ta’lim va tarbiya tizimini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha. Ma’lumki, Uchinchi
Renessansning tayanchi — bu bilimli va yuksak madaniyatli yoshlardir. Shu
munosabat bilan: Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’limda: “Nutq madaniyati”, “Notiqlik
san’ati” hamda “Kasbiy etika” fanlari dasturiga “Yusuf Xos Hojibning muloqot
falsafasi” nomli maxsus 12 soatlik o‘quv moduli kiritilishi lozim. Bunda talabalar
nafaqat nazariy bilim, balki asardagi elchilik va rahbarlik odobi misolida amaliy
keyslar (case studies) orqali muloqot strategiyalarini o‘rganadilar. Maktabgacha va
boshlang‘ich ta’limda: “Qutadg‘u bilig”dagi o‘gitlarni soddalashtirilgan holda,
multimedia vositalari va didaktik o‘yinlar orqali bolalar ongiga singdirish.
Masalan, “Shirin so‘z — qalb kaliti” mavzusidagi turkum tarbiyaviy soatlarni
mutafakkir baytlari asosida tashkil etish.
Davlat boshqaruvi va korporativ etika sohasida Davlat xizmatchisining
muloqot madaniyati xalqning davlatga bo‘lgan ishonchini belgilaydi. Yusuf Xos
Hojibning “Bek” (rahbar) va “Vazir” (menejer) obrazlari orqali bergan tavsiyalari
asosida: “Xos Hojib etika kodeksi”: Davlat tashkilotlarida xodimlarning muloqot
madaniyatini baholash mezonlarini ishlab chiqishda “Qutadg‘u bilig”dagi andisha,
sabr va rostgo‘ylik tamoyillaridan foydalanish. Diplomatik korpus uchun:
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Tashqi ishlar vazirligi qoshidagi Diplomatik akademiya
tinglovchilari uchun “Turkiy xalqlarning diplomatik muloqot tarixi: Yusuf Xos
Hojib talqinida” mavzusida maxsus qo‘llanma yaratish. Bu milliy diplomatiya
maktabining tarixiy ildizlarini dunyoga ko‘rsatishga xizmat qiladi.
Raqamli makon va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar madaniyatini yuksaltirish Bugungi
kunda internetdagi muloqotda kuzatilayotgan qo‘pollik (cyberbullying) va
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mas’uliyatsizlikka qarshi: “Milliy muloqot filtri”: Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda o‘zbek
tilida muloqot qiluvchilar uchun Yusuf Xos Hojib o‘gitlarini targ‘ib qiluvchi
ijtimoiy roliklar va “Muloqot odobi — inson ko‘rki” shiori ostida chellenjlar
tashkil etish. Sun’iy intellekt va til etikasi: O‘zbek tilidagi nutqni tahlil qiluvchi
sun’iy intellekt modellarini yaratishda mutafakkir ilgari surgan axloqiy lug‘at va
muloqot normalarini dasturiy algoritmga kiritish.
Ilmiy tadqiqot va ma’rifiy yo‘nalishda “Hojibshunoslik” markazi: Milliy va
xalqaro miqyosda Yusuf Xos Hojib merosini o‘rganuvchi markaz tashkil etish va
uning doirasida “Madaniyatlararo muloqotning qadimgi manbalari” nomli ko‘p
jildlik ensiklopediya nashr etish. Ommaviy axborot vositalarida: Markaziy
telekanallarda “Saodatga yo‘llovchi so‘zlar” nomli turkum ko‘rsatuvlar tashkil
etib, unda mutafakkirning muloqot etikasi haqidagi qarashlarini zamonaviy hayotiy
misollar bilan tushuntirish.
Xulosa. Yusuf Xos Hojibning ijtimoiy-falsafiy merosi shuni ko‘rsatadiki,
muloqot — bu shunchaki gapirish mahorati emas, balki inson qalbini isloh qilish,
jamiyatda adolat va totuvlikni ta’minlash san’atidir. Mutafakkirning nutq odobi
borasidagi o‘gitlari bugungi “Uchinchi Renessans” poydevorini qurayotgan ma’rifatli
yoshlar uchun ma’naviy kompas bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.Taklif etilgan amaliy
tavsiyalarning hayotga tatbiq etilishi: Jamiyatda o‘zaro hurmat va muloqot
madaniyatini yuksaltiradi; Milliy qadriyatlarga asoslangan zamonaviy rahbar kadrlar
qatlamini shakllantiradi; O‘zbekistonning xalqaro maydondagi madaniy va diplomatik
nufuzini mustahkamlaydi. “Qutadg‘u bilig” — bu saodat kalitidir.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:
1. Yusuf Xos Hojib. Qutadg‘u bilig. – Toshkent: Fan, 1971. Ibrohimov A. va boshqalar. Vatan
tuyg‘usi. – T.: O‘zbekiston, 1996.
2. Omonov Q. Turkiy rasmiy uslubning shakllanish tarixi. – T., 2012.
3. Fitrat. O‘zbek adabiyoti namunalari. – T.: Mumtoz so‘z, 2009
4. Yusuf Xos Hojib. Qutadg‘u bilig (Saodatga yo‘llovchi bilim). – T.: O‘zbekiston milliy
ensiklopediyasi, 2011. – 960 b.
5. Karimov V. Madaniyatlararo muloqot falsafasi. – T.: Ma’naviyat, 2018. – 240 b.
6. Fitrat A. Qutadg‘u bilig (Tanlangan asarlar). – T.: Ma’naviyat, 2000.
7. Mallayev N. O‘zbek adabiyoti tarixi. – T.: O‘qituvchi, 1976.
8. Sodiqov Q. Eski turkiy til. – T.: Akademnashr, 2017.
9. Valixo‘jayev B. O‘zbek adabiyotshunosligi tarixi. – T.: Fan, 2002.
"KUTADGU BILIG" AS A PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION FOR FINANCIAL
LITERACY YUSUF KHOS HOJIB'S TEACHINGS ON KNOWLEDGE, WEALTH
ETHICS, AND THEIR MODERN APPLICATION IN UZBEKISTAN
"QUTADG‘U BILIG" MOLIYAVIY SAVODXONLIKNING FALSAFIY ASOSI
SIFATIDA YUSUF XOS HOJIBNING BILIM, BOYLIK ODOBI HAQIDAGI
TA’LIMOTLARI VA ULARNING O‘ZBEKISTONDA HOZIRGI ZAMONDA
QO‘LLANILISHI
Nurbek Abdumazhitov,
Student of the Faculty of Finance at Westminster International University,
nurbekabdumajitov2611@gmail.com, ORCID 0009-0006-2283-2440
Nurbek Abdumajitov,
Xalqaro Vestminster universiteti moliya fakulteti talabasi,
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nurbekabdumajitov2611@gmail.com, ORCID 0009-0006-2283-2440
Abstract. This paper examines the philosophical framework of Yusuf Khos Hojib in
Kutadgu Bilig (1069) and argues that its four allegorical figures offer thematic alignments with
modern financial literacy theory. The figures are Kuntogdi (Justice), Aytoldi (Fortune),
Ogdulmish (Intellect), and Odghurmish (Contentment). Using hermeneutical textual analysis and
historical comparative methodology, the paper draws thematic alignments between Hojib's
ethical categories and OECD financial literacy frameworks. The paper also engages critically
with two genuine methodological risks: the translation of feudal virtue ethics into democratic
financial citizenship, and the hermeneutical implications of reading Hojib through a statesponsored cultural revival framework. The study argues that Hojib's principles, appropriately
distilled from their historical context, offer a culturally grounded supplement to standard
financial literacy curricula in Uzbekistan.
Keywords. Yusuf Khos Hojib, Kutadgu Bilig, financial literacy, wealth ethics, thematic
alignment, Third Renaissance, Uzbekistan, hermeneutics
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Yusuf Xos Hojibning "Qutadg‘u bilig" (1069) asaridagi
falsafiy asoslari o‘rganiladi va uning to‘rtta majoziy timsoli zamonaviy moliyaviy savodxonlik
nazariyasi bilan mavzuiy uyg‘unlikni ta’minlashi ta’kidlanadi. Obrazlar — Kuntogdi (Adolat),
Aytoldi (Baxt), O‘gdulmish (Aql), Odg‘urmish (Qanoat). Germenevtik matn tahlili va tarixiy
qiyosiy metodologiyadan foydalangan holda, maqola Hojibning axloqiy kategoriyalari va IHTT
moliyaviy savodxonlik asoslari o‘rtasida mavzuli bog‘liqliklarni belgilaydi. Maqolada,
shuningdek, ikkita haqiqiy metodologik xavf-xatar tanqidiy ko‘rib chiqiladi: feodal fazilatlar
axloqini demokratik moliyaviy fuqarolik tizimiga o‘tkazish va Hojibni davlat homiyligidagi
madaniy tiklanish tizimi orqali o‘qishning germenevtik oqibatlari. Tadqiqotda ta’kidlanishicha,
Hojibning tarixiy kontekstdan mos ravishda ajratib olingan tamoyillari O‘zbekistondagi
moliyaviy savodxonlik bo‘yicha standart o‘quv dasturlariga madaniy jihatdan asoslangan
qo‘shimcha hisoblanadi.
Kalit so‘zlar. Yusuf Xos Hojib, Qutadg‘u Bilig, moliyaviy savodxonlik, boylik axloqi,
mavzuga moslik, Uchinchi Renessans, O‘zbekiston, germenevtika
INTRODUCTION
In 2021, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the Third Renaissance for
Uzbekistan, calling for a knowledge economy grounded in the country's historical
intellectual heritage [11]. Among the thinkers who defined that heritage, Yusuf
Khos Hojib is one of the most significant. He composed Kutadgu Bilig in 1069 in
Kashgar. The title translates to Wisdom of Royal Glory. It remains one of the most
sophisticated works of ethical and political philosophy in the Turkic world [2].
Uzbekistan simultaneously faces a pressing financial literacy deficit. The
National Bank of Uzbekistan found in 2023 that around 61 percent of the adult
population lacks basic financial planning skills [12]. The National Agency for
Project Management (2022) identified that the primary obstacle to financial
capability in Uzbek youth is not a knowledge gap. It is attitudinal. Young people
hold short time preferences, low trust in financial institutions, and limited personal
financial responsibility [13]. These are not problems that technical financial
curricula can resolve alone.
This paper argues that Kutadgu Bilig offers a philosophical resource for
addressing this attitudinal gap. Its four allegorical figures encode ethical principles
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that align thematically with core dimensions of modern financial literacy theory.
The central question is as follows. How do the philosophical teachings of Yusuf
Khos Hojib align with and inform contemporary financial literacy frameworks in
Uzbekistan? The argument is made carefully. The paper names and engages with
the genuine methodological risks involved in translating an 11th century feudal
text into 21st century policy.
Literature review
Scholarship on Kutadgu Bilig. Kutadgu Bilig has been studied since
Radloff's first Russian critical edition in 1891. The philological foundation was
established by Arat in 1947 [3]. Dankoff's 1983 English translation remains the
primary reference for comparative philosophical analysis [2]. He argues that Hojib
constructs a complete ethical metaphysics of the good life rather than simply a
manual for rulers. Nasr (1996) places Hojib within the Islamic philosophical
synthesis tradition of al-Farabi and Ibn Sina [20]. Melikoff (1971) provides the
most detailed analysis of the text's Sufi dimensions, particularly the ascetic figure
of Odghurmish [10]. Uzbek scholars Karimov (2009) and Nazarov (2015) have
applied the text to contemporary governance and education [5][17]. Islahi (1988)
and Chapra (1992) argue more broadly that classical Islamic scholars held wealth
ethics compatible with modern principles of financial prudence [18][4]. No
existing study has examined Kutadgu Bilig through the lens of financial literacy
theory. This paper addresses that gap.
Financial Literacy Theory. Lusardi and Mitchell (2014) demonstrated that
financial literacy correlates directly with better saving, lower debt, and greater
household wealth [6]. The OECD/INFE (2020) framework defines financial
literacy as the combination of awareness, knowledge, skill, attitude, and behavior
needed for sound financial decisions across five competency areas: budgeting,
saving, borrowing, planning, and protection [7]. The framework explicitly
acknowledges that attitudinal dimensions are central to financial capability,
opening space for philosophical approaches that technical curricula cannot fill.
Hung et al. (2009) articulate this as the gap between literacy and capability [8].
Remund (2010) identifies a normative gap in the field: standard programs teach
how to manage money but not why certain approaches to wealth are more
defensible [14]. Shiller (2012) reinforces this. Financial behavior is ultimately
shaped by the cultural narratives societies build around wealth [15]. Programs that
ignore those narratives treat symptoms rather than causes.
For the behavioral dimensions of debt and overconsumption, Laibson's
(1997) model of hyperbolic discounting is more precise than general risk models
[9]. Individuals systematically overweight present consumption relative to future
security, producing predictable under-saving and over-borrowing. Duesenberry
(1949) adds the social dimension through his relative income hypothesis.
Consumption aspirations are driven by comparison with peers, not by absolute
needs [21]. Together these models identify the behavioral pathology that a
philosophy of disciplined contentment is positioned to address.
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Financial Literacy in Uzbekistan. Tashkentov and Yusupov (2019) found
that financial education programs improved household savings in Tashkent but
effects faded within 12 months without reinforcing cultural support [19]. The
NAPM (2022) report found that fatalistic beliefs about wealth, cultural discomfort
with formal institutions, and short time preferences are the primary obstacles to
financial capability among Uzbek youth [13]. These findings point directly to the
attitudinal layer that a Hojib-informed approach is designed to engage.
Methods. This study uses hermeneutical textual analysis as its primary
method. Dankoff's 1983 English translation serves as the primary source [2], crossreferenced with the 2016 Uzbek critical edition [1]. The analysis proceeded in two
stages. In the first stage, passages relating to knowledge, wealth, contentment, and
governance were identified through full reading. In the second stage, passages
were coded according to four predetermined thematic categories corresponding to
the four allegorical figures, with open coding applied in parallel for unexpected
themes. The analysis is explicitly interpretive and not exhaustive. A different
researcher applying the same protocol might reach different thematic emphases.
This is acknowledged as a core limitation.
The secondary method is historical comparative analysis. Hojib's categories
are situated within their 11th century Karakhanid context before any comparison
with OECD frameworks is drawn, following Skinner's (1969) principle that
historical texts must be understood on their own terms before comparative claims
are made [16]. The comparisons produced are thematic alignments rather than
claims of structural equivalence. The paper maintains this distinction throughout.
Results
1. The Architecture of the Four Figures
Kutadgu Bilig is built around four allegorical figures. Kuntogdi is the ruler
representing Justice. Aytoldi is his vizier representing Fortune. Ogdulmish is the
son of Aytoldi representing Intellect. Odghurmish is the ascetic brother of
Ogdulmish representing Contentment [2]. These form an interdependent system.
Fortune without intellect dissipates wealth. Without justice, knowledge serves only
the powerful. Without contentment, excess destroys what fortune and intellect have
built. The OECD/INFE (2020) framework for financial wellbeing exhibits a
thematically parallel structure, requiring knowledge, productive wealth behavior,
disciplined restraint, and institutional trust simultaneously [7].
2. Ogdulmish (Intellect) and Financial Knowledge
Ogdulmish embodies knowledge as a civic obligation. Hojib insists that the
ignorant person does not know the value of a thing, squanders what should be
preserved, and preserves what should be spent [2]. This describes the systematic
misallocation that Lusardi and Mitchell (2014) identify as the central consequence
of financial illiteracy [6]. The thematic alignment is strong. Both frameworks treat
knowledge not as a neutral capacity but as something that carries an obligation to
act. Hung et al. (2009) capture a related idea in the literacy-to-capability gap [8].
Hojib adds the normative dimension: the person who knows and does not act has
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failed a moral duty, not simply a behavioral one. This is motivational weight that
technical curricula cannot replicate.
3. Aytoldi (Fortune) and Wealth Ethics
Aytoldi represents prosperity but dies early in the narrative. His fortune
passes with him. What endures is his son, Ogdulmish, meaning Intellect. Hojib
encodes this in the narrative architecture. Wealth without knowledge is ephemeral.
The durable inheritance is intellectual capacity [2]. This reframes wealth as a tool
rather than an end. Chapra (1992) makes a structurally similar argument in Islamic
economic ethics, describing wealth as a trust to be managed responsibly [4]. Islahi
(1988) traces this ethic through the broader classical tradition [18]. For financial
educators in Uzbekistan, Aytoldi's narrative provides a culturally grounded story
that encodes the right relationship between knowledge and money at the level of
narrative rather than instruction.
4. Odghurmish (Contentment) and Behavioral Restraint
Odghurmish, the ascetic who leaves the court, represents disciplined
contentment. Melikoff (1971) reads this figure primarily as Sufi quietism [10].
This reading is not wrong, but it is incomplete. Hojib's claim that the person who
desires more than they need has already lost what they have [2] speaks precisely to
the mechanisms Laibson (1997) and Duesenberry (1949) model. Hyperbolic
discounting produces under-saving and over-borrowing by making present
consumption systematically more attractive [9]. The relative income hypothesis
explains why consumption aspirations rise with social comparison rather than with
absolute need [21]. The Odghurmish principle frames restraint not as deprivation
but as wisdom, a reframing that works at the level of values rather than incentives
and that behavioral nudges alone cannot achieve.
5. Kuntogdi (Justice) and Institutional Trust
Kuntogdi embodies justice as the precondition for all other flourishing.
Without institutional fairness, fortune, intellect, and contentment cannot function
sustainably. Hojib argues that the unjust ruler destroys the wealth of the land and
that where justice prevails, the treasury fills by itself [2]. Remund (2010) identifies
financial rights literacy as one of the most underweighted dimensions of standard
financial education [14]. The thematic alignment is genuine. Individual financial
competence is necessary but not sufficient for financial wellbeing. Trustworthy
institutions are equally required. In Uzbekistan, where trust in formal financial
institutions remains low [12], this dimension is especially relevant for curriculum
design.
Discussion
The Feudal Context Problem. The most serious challenge this paper faces
is translating feudal virtue ethics into democratic financial literacy. Kuntogdi is a
monarch, not an accountable institution. Aytoldi's loyalty runs to a ruler, not to a
market. Odghurmish's contentment is the withdrawal of a court ascetic, not the
disciplined saving of a working adult navigating consumer credit markets. The
political economy of Kutadgu Bilig is a patron-client system in which ethical
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behavior flows between ruler and subject. This differs fundamentally from the
horizontal rights-based structure of democratic financial citizenship.
This problem requires a methodological position rather than a footnote. The
position taken here is philosophical distillation. The ethical principles in Kutadgu
Bilig are treated as separable from their feudal political application. The principle
that knowledge carries a civic obligation does not require a Karakhanid court to
remain valid. The principle that wealth without wisdom is ephemeral is
independent of any patron-client political economy. Chapra (1992) applies a
similar method when extracting Islamic economic principles from their historical
contexts [4]. The risk, as Skinner (1969) would note, is that distillation can become
distortion [16]. When a principle is removed from its original context, it loses
some of its meaning. This paper accepts and names that risk. The thematic
alignments proposed here are interpretive constructions, not recoveries of Hojib's
original intentions.
The Political Framing Problem. This paper is partly framed within the
Third Renaissance narrative of Mirziyoyev's administration [11]. State-sponsored
cultural revival projects tend to read classical texts in ways that support their own
priorities. Kutadgu Bilig is a complex text that supports multiple political readings.
A reading attentive to Hojib's skepticism of rulers would find substantial evidence
that he distrusted those in power far more than a development-oriented reading
reveals. Odghurmish, who leaves the court precisely because it is corrupt, is one
such marker. This paper does not claim the Third Renaissance framework is the
only or correct lens for reading Hojib. It claims it is one productive context for
considering practical applications in Uzbekistan today. Readers should be aware
that this contextual choice shapes which alignments become visible.
Case Study and Conflict of Interest. The author served as President of the
Finance Club at Westminster International University in Tashkent from September
2025. This creates a direct conflict of interest that must be named. The author both
designed the programming and observed its outcomes. No independent verification
is possible. With this limitation stated, the following observations are offered only
as an existence proof that ethically framed financial education is feasible in a
contemporary Uzbek educational setting, not as evidence for the effectiveness of
the approach proposed here. Sessions embedding financial skills within discussions
of values and civic identity drew observably higher attendance than purely
technical sessions. An informal survey of 30 club members in January 2026 found
that the majority cited ethical and civic motivations rather than technical interest as
their primary engagement driver. These observations are consistent with the
paper's theoretical argument. They do not confirm it.
Limitations and Future Research. This study carries four main limitations.
The hermeneutical analysis is selective and interpretive. The feudal-to-democratic
translation involves genuine risk of distortion. The case study is observational and
conflicted. The Third Renaissance framing shapes the interpretive horizon in ways
that alternative frameworks would not.
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Future research should develop a Kutadgu Bilig-aligned financial literacy
curriculum and evaluate it against a standard OECD-aligned curriculum in a
randomized controlled design, using validated instruments such as the
OECD/INFE financial literacy scale [7] and longitudinal follow-up of at least 12
months. A separate philosophical study should examine the feudal-to-democratic
translation problem through comparative virtue ethics to assess how far Hojib's
principles can be distilled without distortion.
Conclusion
This paper has argued that Kutadgu Bilig offers thematic alignments with
four dimensions of contemporary financial literacy theory. Ogdulmish aligns with
the obligation to act on financial knowledge. Aytoldi aligns with the ethics of
wealth as a tool rather than an end. Odghurmish aligns with the behavioral
discipline needed to resist overconsumption. Kuntogdi aligns with the institutional
trust that individual financial competence requires. These alignments are thematic
and interpretive. They are stronger in some cases than others. They carry the
methodological risks this paper has tried to name honestly.
Two risks deserve particular emphasis in closing. The translation of feudal
virtue ethics into democratic financial literacy is not automatic. It requires
philosophical distillation that may involve distortion. The use of a state-sponsored
cultural revival framework as the interpretive context shapes which alignments
become visible. These risks do not invalidate the argument. They qualify it.
What this paper proposes, qualified as it is, still has practical value. Standard
financial literacy curricula address knowledge and behavior but not the attitudinal
and narrative dimensions that shape financial decision making at a deeper level.
Kutadgu Bilig engages precisely those dimensions. A curriculum that draws on
Hojib's philosophical principles alongside OECD competency standards would not
replace technical financial education. It would give that education roots. The Third
Renaissance, at its most intellectually honest, is the project of asking what
ancestral wisdom remains usable and in what form. This paper has offered one
careful answer to that question.
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3. Arat, R.R. (1947). Kutadgu Bilig I. Istanbul. Turk Dil Kurumu.
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Foundation.
5. Karimov, N. (2009). Yusuf Xos Hojib va uning falsafiy merosi. Toshkent. Fan
nashriyoti.
6. Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O.S. (2014). The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy.
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8. Hung, A.A., Parker, A.M., & Yoong, J.K. (2009). Defining and Measuring Financial
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NBU Publications.
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Financial Capability in Uzbekistan. Tashkent. NAPM.
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15. Shiller, R. J. (2012). Finance and the Good Society. Princeton. Princeton University
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16. Skinner, Q. (1969). Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas. History and
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17. Nazarov, B. (2015). Kutadgu Biligdagi ijtimoiy-axloqiy qarashlar. Samarqand.
SamDU nashriyoti.
18. Islahi, A.A. (1988). Economic Concepts of Ibn Taimiyah. Leicester. The Islamic
Foundation.
19. Tashkentov, A., & Yusupov, D. (2019). Financial Literacy and Household Savings in
Uzbekistan. Central Asian Economic Review, 7(2), 45-62.
20. Nasr, S.H. (1996). Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present. Albany. State
University of New York Press.
21. Duesenberry, J.S. (1949). Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior.
Cambridge. Harvard University Press.
YUSUF XOS HOJIBNING DAVLAT VA JAMIYAT HAQIDAGI
QARASHLARI
YUSUF KHOS HAJIB'S VIEWS ON THE STATE AND SOCIETY
Abdumalikov Raxmatulloh Abduqahhor o‘g‘li,
Ko‘kaldosh o‘rta maxsus islom bilim yurti talabasi
Ilmiy maslahatchi: Abdurahmonov Xolboy To‘xtayevich,
+998 91 005 86 04
Abdumalikov Rakhmatulloh Abdukakhkhor ugli,
Student of the Kokaldosh Secondary Specialized Islamic School
Scientific consultant: Abdurakhmanov Kholboy Tukhtaevich,
+998 91 005 86 04
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi ijtimoiysiyosiy qarashlari tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, mutafakkirning adolatli davlat boshqaruvi, rahbar
mas’uliyati, xalq farovonligi hamda komil inson tarbiyasi haqidagi fikrlari yoritiladi.
Shuningdek, “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarining bugungi jamiyat taraqqiyoti va Uchinchi Renessans
g‘oyalari bilan uyg‘un jihatlari ochib beriladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Davlat, jamiyat, adolat, rahbar, ma’naviyat, komil inson, siyosiy tafakkur,
Qutadg‘u bilig.
Аннотация. В данной статье анализируются социально-политические взгляды
Юсуфа Хоса Хаджиба на государство и общество. В частности, освещаются идеи
мыслителя о справедливом государственном управлении, ответственности руководства,
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общественном благополучии и воспитании совершенной личности. Также раскрываются
аспекты произведения «Кутадгу Билиг» в контексте развития современного общества и
идей Третьего Возрождения.
Ключевые слова: государство, общество, справедливость, лидер, духовность,
совершенный человек, политическая мысль, знания Кутадгу.
Abstract. This article analyzes the socio-political views of Yusuf Khos Hajib on the state
and society. In particular, the thinker's ideas on fair state administration, leadership
responsibility, public welfare, and the upbringing of a perfect person are highlighted. Also, the
aspects of the work "Kutadgu Bilig" in harmony with the development of today's society and the
ideas of the Third Renaissance are revealed.
Keywords: State, society, justice, leader, spirituality, perfect person, political thought,
Qutadgu knowledge.
KIRISH
Sharq falsafiy tafakkuri tarixida davlat, jamiyat va inson munosabatlari
masalasi doimo markaziy o‘rinda turgan. Ayniqsa, Markaziy Osiyo hududida
shakllangan ilmiy-ma’naviy muhitda adolatli jamiyat qurish, barkamol inson
tarbiyasi va davlat boshqaruvini axloqiy tamoyillar asosida tashkil etish g‘oyalari
keng rivojlangan. Bu jarayonda buyuk mutafakkirlarning asarlari nafaqat o‘z davri
uchun, balki keyingi avlodlar uchun ham muhim nazariy va amaliy qo‘llanma
bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Ana shunday ulug‘ allomalardan biri Yusuf Xos Hojib
hisoblanadi. XI asrda yashab ijod qilgan bu mutafakkir turkiy adabiyot va siyosiyfalsafiy tafakkur rivojiga ulkan hissa qo‘shgan. Uning eng mashhur asari “Qutadg‘u bilig” - davlat boshqaruvi, jamiyat tuzilishi, inson axloqi va ma’naviy
kamolot masalalariga bag‘ishlangan yirik didaktik-falsafiy yodgorlik hisoblanadi.
Asar o‘z mazmuni bilan nafaqat adabiy, balki siyosiy va ijtimoiy-falsafiy manba
sifatida ham katta ahamiyatga ega. Yusuf Xos Hojib o‘z asarida davlatni adolat va
ma’naviyat asosida boshqariladigan tizim sifatida talqin qiladi. Uning fikricha,
davlatning mustahkamligi va barqarorligi bevosita rahbarning axloqiy fazilatlari,
ilmga munosabati hamda xalqparvarligiga bog‘liqdir. Mutafakkir jamiyat
taraqqiyotini esa insonlarning ma’naviy darajasi, ilmiy saviyasi va axloqiy pokligi
bilan chambarchas bog‘laydi. Shu bois “Qutadg‘u bilig”da hukmdor, vazir, olim va
oddiy xalq o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar tizimli ravishda yoritiladi.
Mazkur asarda ilgari surilgan asosiy g‘oyalardan biri - adolat tamoyilidir.
Yusuf Xos Hojib adolatni davlatning tayanchi va jamiyatning asosiy muvozanat
elementi sifatida ko‘rsatadi. Adolat bo‘lmagan joyda zulm, beqarorlik va ijtimoiy
tengsizlik kuchayishi ta’kidlanadi. Shu bilan birga, ilm va ma’rifat jamiyat
taraqqiyotining asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchi sifatida talqin qilinadi. Bu g‘oyalar
islom axloq falsafasida mavjud bo‘lgan adolat, ilmga intilish va insonni komillikka
yetaklash tamoyillari bilan uyg‘unlashadi. Shuningdek, Yusuf Xos Hojib jamiyatni
ma’naviy birlik asosida rivojlanuvchi tizim sifatida ko‘radi. Uning qarashlarida
inson faqat o‘z manfaatini emas, balki jamiyat manfaatini ham hisobga olishi
kerakligi ta’kidlanadi. Bu esa ijtimoiy mas’uliyat, halollik va insonparvarlik kabi
tushunchalarni shakllantirishga xizmat qiladi. Mutafakkirning ushbu yondashuvi
zamonaviy ijtimoiy-falsafiy qarashlar bilan ham uyg‘unlashadi. Bugungi
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globallashuv sharoitida jamiyatda ma’naviy qadriyatlarni saqlab qolish, yosh
avlodni milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar asosida tarbiyalash dolzarb
masalalardan biridir[1,-12-b]. Shu nuqtai nazardan, Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va
jamiyat haqidagi qarashlarini o‘rganish nafaqat tarixiy, balki amaliy ahamiyatga
ham ega. Ayniqsa, Yangi O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar,
ma’naviy yuksalish va Uchinchi Renessans g‘oyalarini amalga oshirish jarayonida
uning merosi muhim nazariy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Mazkur maqolaning asosiy
maqsadi - Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi qarashlarini chuqur
tahlil qilish, ularning nazariy mazmunini ochib berish hamda zamonaviy jamiyat
taraqqiyoti uchun ahamiyatini yoritib berishdan iborat.
Tadqiqot usullari. Mazkur maqolani tayyorlash jarayonida Yusuf Xos
Hojibning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi qarashlarini chuqur va har tomonlama tahlil
qilish maqsadida bir nechta ilmiy tadqiqot usullaridan kompleks tarzda
foydalanildi. Tadqiqotning asosiy yondashuvi tarixiy, falsafiy va qiyosiy tahlil
tamoyillariga asoslandi. Avvalo, tarixiy tahlil usuli qo‘llanildi. Ushbu usul
yordamida XI asr ijtimoiy-siyosiy muhiti, turkiy davlatlarning boshqaruv tizimi
hamda o‘sha davrdagi ma’naviy-madaniy jarayonlar o‘rganildi. Bu yondashuv
Yusuf Xos Hojibning qarashlarini o‘z davrining real tarixiy sharoitlari bilan
bog‘liq holda tahlil qilish imkonini berdi. Natijada “Qutadg‘u bilig” asaridagi
davlat boshqaruvi haqidagi fikrlar zamonaviy tushunchalar bilan solishtirish uchun
ilmiy asos yaratildi. Shuningdek, manbashunoslik usuli keng qo‘llanildi.
Asosiy manba sifatida “Qutadg‘u bilig” asari matni tahlil qilindi. Bundan
tashqari, Yusuf Xos Hojibning siyosiy va axloqiy qarashlariga oid zamonaviy
ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va monografiyalar ham o‘rganildi[2,-24-b]. Manbalarni
qiyosiy tahlil qilish orqali muallifning davlat, adolat, rahbarlik va jamiyat haqidagi
konsepsiyasi aniqlashtirildi. Tadqiqot jarayonida falsafiy tahlil usuli ham muhim
o‘rin egalladi. Ushbu usul orqali Yusuf Xos Hojibning g‘oyalari nazariy jihatdan
tahlil qilinib, ularning axloqiy va siyosiy mazmuni ochib berildi. Ayniqsa, adolat,
ilm, ma’naviyat va komil inson tushunchalarining falsafiy mohiyati chuqur
o‘rganildi. Bu yondashuv mutafakkir qarashlarining faqat tarixiy emas, balki
universal ahamiyatga ega ekanini ko‘rsatdi. Bundan tashqari, qiyosiy-tahliliy
usuldan foydalanildi. Ushbu usul yordamida Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va
jamiyat haqidagi qarashlari boshqa Sharq mutafakkirlari, xususan, Abu Nasr
Forobiy va Alisher Navoiy g‘oyalari bilan solishtirildi. Natijada ularning adolatli
jamiyat, rahbar axloqi va ilm-ma’rifat haqidagi qarashlarida o‘xshashliklar
mavjudligi aniqlandi. Shu bilan birga, analiz va sintez usullari ham qo‘llanildi.
Analiz usuli yordamida asardagi davlat va jamiyatga oid alohida g‘oyalar (adolat,
rahbar mas’uliyati, xalq farovonligi, ilmning o‘rni) alohida o‘rganildi.
Sintez usuli orqali esa ushbu g‘oyalar yagona falsafiy tizim sifatida
umumlashtirildi va Yusuf Xos Hojibning ijtimoiy-siyosiy konsepsiyasi
shakllantirildi. Tadqiqotda, shuningdek, induktiv va deduktiv yondashuvlar ham
qo‘llanildi. Induktiv usul orqali asardagi alohida fikr va hikmatlardan umumiy
xulosalar chiqarildi. Deduktiv usul esa islom axloq falsafasi va umumiy siyosiy637
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falsafiy tamoyillardan kelib chiqib, Yusuf Xos Hojib qarashlarini izohlashga
xizmat qildi. Mazkur usullar majmuasi Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va jamiyat
haqidagi qarashlarini ilmiy jihatdan asosli, tizimli va har tomonlama tahlil qilish
imkonini berdi hamda ularning zamonaviy jamiyat uchun ahamiyatini yoritishda
muhim metodologik baza bo‘lib xizmat qildi.
Natijalar. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Yusuf Xos Hojibning
davlat va jamiyat haqidagi qarashlari yaxlit ijtimoiy-falsafiy tizim sifatida
shakllangan bo‘lib, unda siyosat, axloq va ma’naviyat bir-biri bilan uzviy
bog‘langan holda talqin etiladi. Mutafakkirning “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarida
davlatning barqarorligi, jamiyatning farovonligi va inson kamoloti bir butun
jarayon sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tahlillar davomida eng muhim natijalardan biri
sifatida adolat tushunchasining markaziy o‘rin egallashi aniqlandi. Yusuf Xos
Hojib fikricha, davlatning asosiy tayanchi adolat bo‘lib, u buzilgan taqdirda
jamiyatda tartibsizlik, ijtimoiy tengsizlik va ma’naviy inqiroz yuzaga keladi.
Asarda adolat faqat huquqiy tamoyil emas, balki axloqiy va ma’naviy mezon
sifatida ham talqin qilinadi. Bu yondashuv davlat boshqaruvini faqat siyosiy tizim
emas, balki ma’naviy mas’uliyat sifatida ko‘rishga asos bo‘ladi[3,-138-b].
Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ham ko‘rsatdiki, Yusuf Xos Hojib rahbar shaxsiga
alohida e’tibor qaratadi. Mutafakkirning fikricha, hukmdor va yuqori mansab
egalari ilmli, adolatli, halol va xalqparvar bo‘lishi kerak. Rahbarning shaxsiy
axloqi davlat boshqaruvi sifatini belgilovchi asosiy omil sifatida ko‘rsatiladi. Bu
g‘oya davlat va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi uzviy bog‘liqlikni yaqqol ifodalaydi.
Shuningdek, natijalar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatdiki, jamiyat taraqqiyotida ilm va
ma’rifatning o‘rni beqiyosdir. Yusuf Xos Hojib ilmni insonni kamolotga
yetaklovchi eng muhim vosita sifatida baholaydi. Ilmli jamiyatgina adolatli va
barqaror bo‘lishi mumkinligi ta’kidlanadi. Bu qarashlar zamonaviy ta’lim tizimi va
ijtimoiy rivojlanish konsepsiyalari bilan hamohangdir. Tadqiqot davomida yana bir
muhim natija sifatida jamiyatning ma’naviy asoslari kuchli bo‘lishi zarurligi
aniqlangan. Asarda insonlarning axloqiy pokligi, halolligi, o‘zaro hurmati va
mas’uliyati jamiyat barqarorligining muhim sharti sifatida ko‘rsatiladi. Bu jihat
jamiyatni faqat iqtisodiy yoki siyosiy tizim emas, balki ma’naviy birlik sifatida
ham ko‘rishga imkon beradi. Bundan tashqari, Yusuf Xos Hojib jamiyatni
tabaqalar o‘rtasidagi hamkorlik asosida rivojlanadigan tizim sifatida tasvirlaydi.
Hukmdor, vazirlar, olimlar va oddiy xalq o‘zaro uyg‘unlikda harakat qilgandagina
davlat mustahkam bo‘lishi ta’kidlanadi. Bu yondashuv ijtimoiy hamjihatlik va
barqarorlik g‘oyasini ilgari suradi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ham ko‘rsatdiki,
“Qutadg‘u bilig”da komil inson g‘oyasi davlat va jamiyat taraqqiyotining asosiy
sharti sifatida talqin etiladi. Komil inson faqat shaxsiy fazilatlari bilan emas, balki
jamiyatga foydali bo‘lishi, adolat va ezgulikni targ‘ib qilishi bilan ham ajralib
turadi. Bu g‘oya davlat boshqaruvi va jamiyat rivojining ma’naviy asosini tashkil
etadi. Umuman olganda, tadqiqot natijalari Yusuf Xos Hojibning davlat va jamiyat
haqidagi qarashlari zamonaviy ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar bilan uyg‘un ekanini
ko‘rsatdi. Uning g‘oyalari bugungi kunda ham dolzarbligini saqlab qolgan bo‘lib,
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adolatli boshqaruv, ma’naviy barkamol jamiyat va ilmga asoslangan taraqqiyot
konsepsiyalariga mos keladi.
Muhokama. Tadqiqot natijalarini tahlil qilish shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Yusuf Xos
Hojibning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi qarashlari nafaqat tarixiy manba sifatida,
balki zamonaviy ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar bilan ham bevosita bog‘liq bo‘lgan yaxlit
konsepsiyani tashkil etadi. Mutafakkirning “Qutadg‘u bilig” asarida ilgari surilgan
g‘oyalar bugungi kunda ham davlat boshqaruvi, jamiyat barqarorligi va ma’naviy
taraqqiyot masalalarida dolzarb ahamiyatga ega. Muhokama jarayonida eng muhim
jihatlardan biri sifatida adolat tamoyilining universalligi aniqlanadi. Yusuf Xos
Hojib adolatni faqat huquqiy mexanizm sifatida emas, balki butun jamiyat hayotini
tartibga soluvchi axloqiy asos sifatida talqin qiladi. Bu yondashuv zamonaviy
“huquqiy davlat” konsepsiyasi bilan hamohang bo‘lib, unda ham adolat jamiyat
barqarorligining asosiy kafolati sifatida qaraladi. Shunday ekan, mutafakkir
g‘oyalari bugungi davlat boshqaruvi nazariyasi bilan tabiiy uyg‘unlikka ega.
Muhokama davomida yana bir muhim masala - rahbar shaxsining mas’uliyati va
axloqiy fazilatlari alohida o‘rin egallaydi. Yusuf Xos Hojib rahbarni faqat siyosiy
kuch egasi emas, balki ma’naviy yetakchi sifatida ham ko‘radi. Uning fikricha,
rahbarning adolati, halolligi va donoligi butun jamiyat taqdirini belgilaydi. Bu
qarash zamonaviy siyosiy etika va davlat boshqaruvi nazariyalarida ham muhim
o‘rin tutadi, chunki samarali boshqaruv shaxsiy fazilatlar bilan bevosita bog‘liqdir.
Shuningdek, muhokama natijalari ilm va ma’rifatning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni
beqiyos ekanini yana bir bor tasdiqlaydi. Yusuf Xos Hojib ilmni nafaqat individual
kamolot vositasi, balki jamiyat rivojining strategik omili sifatida ko‘rsatadi. Bu
yondashuv bugungi kunda “bilimga asoslangan jamiyat” konsepsiyasi bilan
uyg‘unlashadi. Shu jihatdan qaraganda, mutafakkirning ilm haqidagi qarashlari
zamonaviy ta’lim siyosati uchun ham nazariy asos bo‘la oladi. Muhokama
jarayonida jamiyatning ma’naviy asoslari ham muhim masala sifatida ko‘rib
chiqildi. Yusuf Xos Hojib jamiyat barqarorligini faqat iqtisodiy yoki siyosiy
omillar bilan emas, balki axloqiy qadriyatlar bilan ham bog‘laydi. Halollik, adolat,
sabr va qanoat kabi fazilatlar jamiyatning ichki barqarorligini ta’minlovchi asosiy
omillar sifatida talqin etiladi[4,-320-b]. Bu esa zamonaviy ijtimoiy falsafada
“ma’naviy kapital” tushunchasiga mos keladi. Bundan tashqari, muhokama
natijalarida jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy tabaqalar o‘rtasidagi uyg‘unlik g‘oyasi ham
muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Yusuf Xos Hojib davlatning mustahkamligi uchun
turli ijtimoiy qatlamlar o‘rtasida hamkorlik va muvozanat zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.
Bu yondashuv zamonaviy ijtimoiy integratsiya va fuqarolik jamiyati konsepsiyalari
bilan hamohangdir. Muhokama davomida yana shunday xulosa shakllandiki,
Yusuf Xos Hojibning komil inson haqidagi g‘oyasi davlat va jamiyat rivojining
markaziy elementi hisoblanadi. Komil inson nafaqat shaxsiy fazilatlari bilan, balki
jamiyatga foyda keltirishi, ijtimoiy mas’uliyatni his qilishi bilan ham ajralib turadi.
Bu g‘oya zamonaviy tarbiya tizimida fuqarolik ongini shakllantirish bilan bevosita
bog‘liqdir. Umuman olganda, muhokama natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Yusuf Xos
Hojibning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi qarashlari tarixiy chegaradan chiqib,
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