Raqamli texnologiyalar va iqtisodiyot: zamonaviy muammolari va istiqbollari mavzusida Respublika ilmiy-amaliy

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 3HEXHE PS]MLEPEWL NEVE]SRMHE IOWTPYEXEXWM]E UMPMWL XENVMFEWMHER SPMRKER IQTMVMO ZE MRXYMXMZXEHUMUSHPEVKEEWSWPERKERWXVYOXYVEPMTEVEQIXVMO]SOMWXVYOXYVEPMTEVEQIXVMOWMRXI^ qilish usullari qo‘llaniladi va yechimini topishda chiziqli dasturlash usulidan foydalaniladi. Hozirda dunyoning ko‘plab rivojlanKER QEQPEOEXPEVMHE NYQPEHER %57L 6SWWM]E <MXS] +IVQERM]E &Y]YO &VMXERM]E *VERWM]E =ETSRM]E (ERM]E +SPPERHM]EHE XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XM^MQPEVMHE IPIOXV IRIVKM]EWMHER OIRK UEQVSZPM JS]HEPERMPMF OIPMRQSUHE &Y FSVEHE UY]SWL WLEQSP HM^IP KIRIVEXSVPEVM ZE EOOYQYP]EXSV FEXEVI]EPEVM OEFM IRIVKM]E QERFEPEVMRMRK MWLPEF GLMUMPE]SXKER OSRWXVYOWM]EPEVMRMRK HSMQM] VEZMWLHE QYVEOOEFPEWLMWLMRM LMWSFKE SPMF RSEREREZM] ]IGLMQPEV QEXIVMEPPEV ZE XI\RSPSKM]EPEVRM qo‘llash, qo‘yilgan vazifalarni hal qilishda zamonaviy hisoblash vositalarini qo‘llash, OSRWXVYOXSVPMOLMWSFUMXSFPEVRMXEOSQMPPEWLXMVMWLFYRHE]LMWSFOMXSFPEVRMRKERMUEPKSVMXQMRM MWLPEFGLMUMWLZE]EVEXMWLHSP^EVFLMWSFPERQSUHE Bunday tizimlarni o‘rganishda kuchli matematik apparatlar va dasturiy vositaPEVHER yetarlicha foydalanish kerak. Ushbu muammoni elektr ta’minoti tizimlarini loyihalashtirishni avtomatlashtirish, shuningdek zamonaviy matematik usullar va dasturiy ta’minotlarni qo‘lash orqali hal qilish mumkin. Muammoning o‘rganilganlik darajasi ,Szirgi vaqtda zamonaviy telekommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti tizimlari va ularning XEWLOMP IXYZGLM UYVMPQEPEVMRMRK PS]MLEZM] ]IGLMQPEVMRM XELPMP ZE WMRXI^ UMPMWL YPEVHE WSHMV bo‘ladigan fizik jarayonlarni aniqlash, ularning tuzilish va qo‘llanilish tamoyillEVMRM rivojlantirish, elektr energiya sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini aniqlash, hisoblash, ishlov berish, qayd qilish va boshqaruvida qo‘llanilayotgan datchiklari asosida energiya ta’minoti muammolarining samarali, sifatli va ishonchli yechimini topish, elektr ta’QMRSX XM^MQMHEKM jarayonlarni matematik modellari va dasturiy ta’minoti bo‘yicha dunyoning etakchi ilmiy XEHUMUSH QEVOE^PEVM ZE QYEWWEWEPEVM XSQSRMHER WLY NYQPEHER %57L 71% 7SPEV 8IGLRSPSK] %+ +IRIVEP )PIGXVMG 7EXGSR 7SPIGXVME 6SWWM]E )PIOXVSETTEVat, Elektroщit), &Y]YO&VMXERM]E 'LPSVMHI,%;/'YQQMRW <MXS] 7EWWMR8MHI4S[IV7]WXIQ7YR%GGIWW 07 -RHYWXVMEP 7]WXIQW +IVQERM]E %&& 7GLRIMHIV )PIGXVMG 7MIQIRW =ETSRM]E 7SR] -GSRMGW +*7 %)+ 4S[IV 7SPYXMSRW -RTSXVSR 7GLEPXRIX^XIMPI +QF, *VERWM]E 0IKVERH 'LPSVMHI-RHYWXVMEP/3,0)67(13 -XEPM]E +1+IR4S[IV7]WXIQW+19476MIPPS (ERM]E 13< +SPPERHM]E ,SRI][IPP *MRPERHM]EHE )PIKS MPQM]XEHUMUSXPEVSPMFFSVMPQSUHE Tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, FMVPEQGLM IRIVKM]E QERFEPEVM FMPER PS]MLEPERE]SXKER telekommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti tizimining kirish xarakteristikalari va ta’minot manbai UYVMPQEPEVM FMPER GLMUMWL \EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVM SVEWMHEKM JYROWMSREP QYZSJMUPMPMO XEPEFPEVMRM FENEVMWL YGLYR HMWXVYktiv ta’sir va HMREQMO VINMQPEVHEKM JM^MO NEVE]SRPEVRM EOW IXXMVYZGLM FMV UEXSVQSHIPPEVWLYRMRKHIOYPEVRMTEVEQIXVPEWLYWYPPEVMRMMWLPEFGLMUMWLOIVEO Murakkab texnik tizimlarni yaratishda tahlilning bir necha bosqichlarini, ya’ni WXVYOXYVEZM]JYROWMSRal va parametrik bosqichlarini bosib o‘tiladi. Ilmiy tadqiqotlar sohasida LIGL UERHE] QI^SR EWSWMHE QYVEOOEF XM^MQ ]SOM UYVMPQERMRK STXMQEP XY^MPMWLMRM HEVLSP XERPEWLKEMQOSRFIVYZGLMYWYPPEVQEZNYHIQEW7LYRMRKYGLYRQYVEOOEFXI\RMOXM^MQPEVRM ]EVEXMWL NEVE]SRM XEOVSVM]HMV MXIVEXMZ ?A &MVMRGLMHER QSHIPPEWLXMVMPE]SXKER UYVMPQE qaysi sinfga tegishli ekanligi aniqlanadi, so‘ngra bu sinf chegaralarini qisqartirib, shu sinfga 121

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil tegishli bo‘lgan bir necha yechimlarni sinab ko‘rib va eng maqbuli tanlanadi,S^MVKMZEUXHE texnik obyektlarni loyihalashning dastlabki bosqichlarida qarorlarni qo‘llabUYZZEXPEWL YGLYR OSQT]YXIV OSQTSRIRXPEVMHER OIRK JS]HEPERMPQSUHE %REPMXMO QSHIPPEV ZE VEUEQPM STXMQEPPEWLXMVMWLYWYPPEVMHERXSVXMFIZVMWXMOYWYPPEVZEIOWTIVXFELSPEWLXM^MQPEVMKEGLEUEVSV qabul qilish tizimlarini ishlab chiqish uchun asos bo‘la oladigan juda ko‘p konseptual ]SRHEWLYZPEVQEZNYH?A Masalaning qo‘yilishi Har qanday qurilma yoki tizim strukturaga ega bo‘lgani va ushbu strukturani tashkil etuvchi elementlari parametrlarga ega bo‘lgani uchun strukturaviyTEVEQIXVMO XELPMP YWYPPEVMRM MPQM]texnik bilimlarning deyarli barcha sohalarida qo‘llash mumkin. Shuning uchun ushbu dessertatsiya ishida morfologik to‘plam tarkibiga kiruvchi elektr ta’minSXM XM^MQMRMRMK )88 WXVYOXYVEPEVM ZE EPSLMHE UYVMPQEPEVM OSRHYOXMZ \EPEUMXPEVRM LMWSFKE SPKER LSPHE rasm) ETTning modellarini o‘z ichiga oluvchi morfologik tahlil nazariyasini ishlab GLMUMWLRMVMZSNPERXMVMWLXEOPMJUMPMRKER1SVJSPSKMOYWYPRMEQEPKESWLMVMWLYGLYRQSVJSPSKMO to‘plamni ko‘rib chiqilayotgan obyektlarni matematik modellashtirish usullari bilan, WLYRMRKHIOYPEVRMRKMWLPEWLNEVE]SRMHESPMRKERQYLERHMWPMOLMWSFOMXSFPEVMZEFMPMQPEVFMPER to‘ldirish kerak. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, morfoloKMO YWYPPEV EWSWER QYVEOOEF XI\RMO tizimlarni modellashtirish uchun asos bo‘lib, barcha darajadagi ierarxiyaning modellarida QEZNYH 7LY WEFEFPM XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XM^MQPEVM YGLYR STXMQEP )88RM PS]MLEPEWLXMVMWL XEQS]MPPEVM QSVJSPSKMO YWYPPEV QEXIQEXMO QSHIPPEWLXMVMWL YWYPPEVM ZE QY\ERHMWPMO ishlanmalarining yig‘indisidir. - simmetrik, nosimmetrik - past chastotali kuchlanish buzilishlari - impulsli yuqori kuchlanishli - amplitudaning yuqori koeffitsiyenti - boshlang ich tokning yuqori qiymati - induktiv yuklamaning kommutatsiyasi ~ 220V - 48V, - 60V ATS Tr - (6..24)V Konvertor DC/DC ShE UETM (DC) QE UETM (АC) Invertor DC/АС Radio-elektron qurilmalar ~ 220V Shamollatish va havoni tozalash tizimi Favqulotda signalizatsiya tizimi - fliker-effekt - Chiqish kuchlanishining yuqori garmonikalarining o zgarishi va tebranishi Server ~ 220V DGQ Monitoring va boshqarish tizimi AB - kirish qarshiligining sig imli xususiyati - kuchlanish to lqin shaklini buzilishi - kuchlanish modulyatsiyasi - yuklama keskin oshishida kuchlanish pasayishi - yuqori tok garmonikasi - kirish kuchlanishi shaklining buzilishi - rezonansli xodisalar –VEWQElektr ta’minoti tizimlarining telekommunikatsiya obyekti elektr ta’minoti qurilmalari bilan o‘zaro aloqa sxemasi Keng polosali energetik spektri bilan impulsli konduktiv xalaqitlarni batafsil ko‘rib GLMUEQM^ rasmda elektr ta’minoti tizimlarining telekommunikatsiya obyekti elektr 122

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil ta’minoti qurilmalari bilan o‘zaro ta’sirining tipik diagrammasi keltirilgan. 7\IQEUS‘yidagi qurilmalarni o‘z ichiga oladi: umumiy elektr ta’minoti tizimi (UETT), taqsimlash qurilmasi (TQ), doimiy (UETM (DC)) va o‘zgarmas (UETM (AC)) uzluksiz elektr ta’minoti manbalari, monitoring va boshqarish tizimi, shamollatish va havo tozalash tizimi, OSRZIVXSV MRZIVXSV XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E UYVMPQEPEVM %87 VEHMSIPIOXVSR UYVMPQEPEVM JEZUYPSHHEWMKREPM^EXWM]EXM^MQMWIVZIV Elektr ta’minoti tizimini modellashtirish jarayonini tizimlashtirish murakkab nochiziqli XM^MQRM FMV UEXSV OMGLMO XM^MQPEVKE ENVEXMWL ZE FIWL WEXLPM M]IVEV\MO WXVYOXYVE 1 QEOVS QSHIPMRM]EVEXMWLHERMFSVEX VEWQ Elektr energiya manbalari (Tr, ShE, QE, DG, AB) Elektr energiya iste molchilari Elektr energiya o zgartirgichlari Elektr energiyani kommutatsiyalash, uzatish va taqsimlash Xavfsizlik va atrof-muhit VEWQTelekommunikatsiya obyekti elektr ta’minoti tizimining M1 makro modeli 1SVJSPSKMOYWYPRMRKQSLM]EXMWLYRHEOMLEPUMPMRE]SXKERQYEQQSYGLYRELEQM]EXPM bo‘lgan bir nechta morfologik xususiyatlarni (tipik, o‘ziga xoslik, farqlash) aniqlash va ushbu xususiyatlarni (parametrlarni) barcha mumkin bo‘lgan kombinatsiyalarni tuzish kerak. 8EOSQMPPEWLXMVMPE]SXKER XI\RMO XM^MQPEVHE YRKE \SW bo‘lgan bir qancha srtukturaviy yoki funksional morfologik xususiyatlar mavjud bo‘lib, masalan, har bir xususiyat tizimning UERHE]HMVXEVOMFM]FMVMPMKMRMYRMRKUERHE]HMVZE^MJEWMRMXM^MQRMRKUERHE]HMVMWLPEWLVINMQMRM ya’ni muammoning yechimi va asosiy maqsadga erishish bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan tizimning TEVEQIXVPEVM ]SOM \YWYWM]EXPEVMRM XEZWMJPEWLM QYQOMR 1SVJSPSKMO YWYPRMRK EJ^EPPMKM YRMRK VEWQM]PEWLXMVMWLHE EPKSVMXQPEWLHE ZE OSQT]YXIVHE EQEPKE SWLMVMWL MQOSRM]EXPEVMRM OIRKPMKMHMV 1SVJSPSKMO WMRXI^ REXijasida ko‘rib chiqilayotgan tizimning variantlarining LEUMUEXHE\EQQEZNYHPMKMZEKMTSXIXMOTEXIRXPEREHMKERXY^MPQEPEVMRMRKFEVGLEWXVYOXYVEZM] yechimlarini o‘z ichiga olgan morfologik to‘plam aniqlanadi. Morfologik to‘plam xajmini OEXXEPMKM WEFEFPM FYXYR FMV XM^MQRM ]EVEXMWL QYQOMR IQEW 8M^MQRM ]EVEXMWL YGLYR YWLFY to‘plamga kiritilgan qurilmalar tavsiflanadi, tasniflash xususiyatlari aniqlanadi va ularning mumkin bo‘lgan qiymatlari oralig‘i aniqlanadi. Ushbu tasniflashning o‘ziga xos xususiyati XEWRMJPEWL \YWYWM]EXPEVMRMRK FEVGLE UM]QEXPEVMRM FIPKMPEWL SVUEPM UYVMPQERMRK XY^MPMWLMRM ERMUPE]SPEQM^1SVJSPSKMOWMRXI^OSQFMREXSVmantiqiy sintez usullari sinfiga mansub bo‘lib, uning kamchiliklaridan biri mumkin bo‘lgan variantlarni to‘liq sanab chiqishni hMWSFKESPKER LSPHE OSQT]YXIVHE EQEPKE SWLMVMWL QYVEOOEF NEVE]SR LMWSFPEREHM &YRHER XEWLUEVM QEZNYH YRMZIVWEP EPKSVMXQPEV UMWUE ZEUXHE OIVEOPM REXMNERM ERMUPEWL ZE WMRXI^ UMPMWLKEKE OEJSPEX FIVQE]HM 7LYRMRK YGLYR FYRHE] QYEQQSPEVRM LEP UMPMWLHE IZIVIWXMO YWYPPEVHER TVSXSXMTRM XEOSQMPPEWLXMVMWL HEVE\XWMQSR ZE PEFMVMRX OSRWXVYOWM]EPEVMRM mukammallashtirish) keng foydalaniladi. So‘nggi paytlarda evolyusion jarayonlarni simulyatsiya qiluvchi genetik algoritmlar morfologik sintezda tobora ko‘proq qo‘llanilmoqHE %KEV WXVYOXYVEHER XEWLUEVM WLY WXVYOXYVERM XEWLOMP IXYZGLM IPIQIRXPEVRMRK TEVEQIXVPEVMRM topish kerak bo‘lsa, strukturaviyTEVEQIXVMOWMRXI^HERJS]HEPERMPEHM 123

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil Har qanday qurilma yoki tizim strukturaga ega bo‘lgani va ushbu strukturani tashkil IXYZGLM Ilementlari parametrlarga ega bo‘lgani uchun strukturaviyTEVEQIXVMO WMRXI^ YWYPPEVMRM MPQM]texnik bilimlarning deyarli barcha sohalarida qo‘llash mumkin. Shuning uchun ushbu dessertatsiya ishida morfologik to‘plam tarkibiga kiruvchi ETTning WXVYOXYVEPEVM ZE EPSLMHE UYVMPQEPEVM OSRHYOXMZ \EPEUMXPEVRM LMWSFKE SPKER LSPHE )88RMRK modellarini o‘z ichiga oluvchi morfologik sintez nazariyasini ishlab chiqishni rivojlantirish taklif qilingan. Morfologik usulni amalga oshirish uchun morfologik to‘plamni ko‘rib GLiqilayotgan ob’ektlarni matematik modellashtirish usullari bilan, shuningdek, ularning MWLPEWLNEVE]SRMHESPMRKERQYLERHMWPMOLMWSFkitoblari va bilimlar bilan to‘ldirish kerak. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, morfologik usullar asosan murakkab texnik tizimlarni QSHIPPEWLXMVMWL uchun asos bo‘lib, barcha darajadagi ierarxiyaning modellarida mavjud. Shu sababli XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XM^MQPEVM YGLYR STXMQEP )88RM PS]MLEPEWLXMVMWL XEQS]MPPEVM QSVJSPSKMO YWYPPEV QEXIQEXMO QSHIPPEWLXMVMWL YWYPPEVM ZE QY\ERHMWPMO MWLPERQElarining yig‘indisidir. Konduktiv xalaqitlar ta’sirini hisobga olgan holda elektr ta’minoti tizimining makromodeli bir necha sinf qurilmalarining modeli bo‘lib, bu qurilmalarni ma’lum mezonlar bo‘yicha OSRHYOXMZ \EPEUMXPEVRMRK TEWX HEVENEWM MWLSRGLPMPMKM, energiyani o‘zgartirish sifati, yuqori energetik ko‘rsatgichlar, minimal tan narxi va hokazo) optimallashtirish bilan sintez qilish usullari va algoritmlari bilan to‘ldiriladi. Tasniflash xususiyatlari UETT Obyekt identifikatori Kompilyator Modellar katalogi Strukturaviy optimizator Qurilmalar spisifikasi Kompyuterda modellashtirish Obyektlar xarakteristikasi Parametrik optimizator Maqsadli funksiyalar bloki Maqsadli funksiya 4. Integratsiya darajasi –VEWQTelekommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti ti^MQMRMRKWXVYOXYVEZM]TEVEQIXVMOWMRXI^MRM avtomatlashtirish to‘rt darajali integrativ modeli Morfologik to‘plam ETTning barcha strukturasini (masalan, markazlashtirilgan yoki markazlashtirilmagan) o‘z ichiga oladi. Alohida elementlarning morfologik to‘plami ko‘rib chiqilayotgan tizim ob’ektlari parametrlari bilan farq qiluvchi turli xil sxemotexnik yechimlar mavjud. Misol uchun, to‘g‘rilash qurilmalarini transformatorsiz kirishli sxemasini quvvat koeffitsienti korrektori (QKK) zvenosi orqali xam va uni qo‘PPEQEKER LSPHE \EQ EQEPKE 124

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil oshirish mumkin. Morfologik to‘plam elementlari tizim strukturasi va parametrlari (transformatorlar, tshg‘rilash qurilmalari va boshqalar) bilan farq qiladi. Bunday to‘plamlar tartibsiz yoki qisman tartiblangan bo‘lishi mumkin. 8elekommunikatsion tizimlarining ETning morfologik to‘plami tartiblanmagan barcha obe’kt strukturalarining butun majmuasini tushunamiz. ETTlari majmuini morfologik daraxt yordamida ifodalash uchun to‘plam elementlarini ba’zi xususiyatlariga ko‘ra JYROWMSREP struktura yoki boshqa jihatlariga ko‘ra tartibga solish kerak. Tasniflash xususiyatlari bir xil bo‘lishiga qaramasdan telekommunikatsion tizimlarining elektr ta’minoti tizimlari va qurilmalari xususiyatlarining morfologik to‘plamini xar xil usullar bilERXEVXMFPEWLQYQOMR 8EWRMJPEWL \YWYWM]EXPEVMRM ERMUPEF YPEVRM FMV XM^MQKE OIPXMVKER LSPHE MHIRXMJMOEXWM]E darajasida morfologik to‘plamning modelini ifodaldaydigan to‘plamni olamiz. Ўрганилаётган электр таъминоти тизимининг бу модели (3расм). Уни морфологик дарахт ёки морфологик жадвал сифатида ифодаланиши мумкин. Морфологик тўпламнинг у ёки бу шаклда ифодаланишини математик моделлар (тенгламалар системалари кўринишида) шаклига келтирилади. Shunday qilib, loyihalanayotgan elektr ta’minoti tizimini QSVJSPSKMO XELPMP UMPMWL EPKSVMXQM rasm) va uning natijalarini makromodeli M1 ko‘rinishida ifodalash quyidagi OIXQEOIXPMOHERMFSVEX elektr ta’minoti tizimi ob’ektlarining sinflari aniqlanadi; XEWRMJPEWL\YWYWM]EXPEVMFIPKMPEREHM FY\YWYWM]EXPEVRMRKUM]QEXPEVMERMUPEREHM sinflarning tasnifiy xususiyatlari va o‘zaro aloqalari tizimi tuziladi. Shu sinf ob’ektlarini tahlil qilishda algoritm quyidagi amallar ketmaketligini o‘z ichiga SPEHM XEWRMJPEWL\YWYWM]EXPEVMFIPKMPEREHM FY\YWYWM]EXPEVRMRKUM]QEXPEVMERMUPEREHM YPEVRMRK UM]QEXPEVM QSWPMKMRM LMWSFKE SPKER LSPHE XEWRMJPEWL \YWYWM]EXPEVM XM^MQM XY^MPEHM Elektr ta’minoti tizimining makromodelini o‘z ichiga olgan asosiy sinfni funksional EWTIOXPEVMRM LMWSFKE SPKER LSPHE OMGLMO WMRJPEVKE ENVEXMWL QYQOMR 7ERSEX SF]IOXMRMRK uskunalarini normal ishlashini ta’minlash uchun elektr ta’minoti tizimi quyidagi funksiyalarni FENEVMWLMOIVEO elektromagnit moslashuvchanlik (EMM) talablari, shu jumladan, ma’lum bir iste’molchiga manbadaRWMJEXPMIPIOXVIRIVKM]EWMRMY^EXMWL\SHMQPEVRMRKIPIOXV\EZJWM^PMKMRM ta’minlash va jihozlarni tashqi ta’sirlardan himoya qilish; YWOYREPEVRMRK RSVQEP MWLPEWLM ZE \M^QEX \SHMQPEVMRMRK LE]SXM YGLYR LEZS muhitining belgilangan holatini ta’minlash. &Y Junksiyalarni bajarish nuqtai nazaridan elektr ta’minoti tizimini 1VEWQHE ko‘rsatilgan beshta blok (iyerarxik sathlar) dan iborat makromodel sifatida ifodalash mumkin. Model quyidagi bloklarni (kichik tizimlarni) o‘z ichiga oladi: 125

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil IPIOXVIRIVKM]EQERFEPEVMFPSOM bir turdagi energiyani boshqa turdagi energiyaga o‘zgartirish bloki; FSWLUE UY]M XM^MQPEV WLYRMRKHIO IPIOXV IRIVKM]EWMRM Y^EXMWL ZE XEUWMQPEWL XEVQSUPEVMOSQQYXEXWM]EUYVMPQEPEVMFPSOM LMQS]EWLEQSPPEXMWLZELEZSRMOSRHIRWMSRIVPEWLXM^MQPEVMFPSOM WERSEX SF]IOXMRMRK YWOYREPEVMRM )11KMKE IPIOXV IRIVKM]EWM WMJEXMKE XYVPM parametrlar va talablarga ega bo‘lgan iste’molchilar bloki. 1 QEOVSQSHIPMRM ]EREHE HIOSQTS^MXWM]EPEWLHE ZE UY]M XM^MQPEVRM XELPMP UMPMWLHE YPEVRMOPEWWMJMOEXWM]EPEWLRMRKJYROWMSREP\YWYWM]EXMRMLMWSFKESPEQM^&YOPEWWMJMOEXWM]E rasmda ko‘rsatilgan. 4VEWQHE OIPXMVMPKER UY]M XM^MQPEV XEVOMFMKE OMVYZGLM FPSOPEVRMRK HIOSQTS^MXWM]EWMRM OI]MRKM XELPMPMHE OPEWWMJMOEXWM]ERMRK WXVYOXYVEZM] ZE TEVEQIXVMO \YWYWM]EXPEVMLMWSFKESPMREHM,EVUERHE]QI^SRPEVKEQYZSJMUSTXMQEPPEWLXMVMWLFMPERXELPMP QYEQQSWMRM LEP UMPMWL YGLYR )88RMRK EPSLMHE IPIQIRXPEVM TEVEQIXVPEVMRMRK QSWPMKMRM LMWSFKESPMWLHEOPEWWMJMOEXWM]EPEWL\YWYWM]EXPEVMZEFPSOTEVEQIXVPEVMSVEWMHEYWXYZSVPMOPEVRM FIPKMPE]QM^ VEWQ Elektr ta’minoti tizimining asosiy funksional vazifasi manbadan iste’molchiga elektr energiyasini o‘zgartirish, boshqarish, taqsimlash va doimiy va o‘zgaruvchan kuchlanishlar bilan uzluksiz ta’minlashdan iboratdir [11]. )88 GLMUMWLMHE IPIOXV IRIVKM]E WMJEXM XIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]E UYVMPQEPEVM ZE FSWLUE sanoat obyektlarining elektr ta’minoti sxemalarining kirishlarida elektr energiyasi sifati uchun belgilangan me’yorlarga mos kelishi kerak. Bundan tashqari, elektr qurilmalari uchun ^Erur elektr energiyani o‘zgartirish samarali bo‘lishi kerak. Elektr energiya o zgartirgichlari Energiya manbalari To g rilash qurilmalari Elektr energiya ishlab chiqarish tizimlari Energiyani zaxiralash tizimlari E F Elektr energiyasini kommutatsiyalash, uzatish va taqsimlash Kommutatsiya tizimlari Avtonom kuchlanish invertorlari Kuchlanish konvertorlari 126 Z Uzatish va taqsimlash tizimlari

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil Xavfsizlik va atrofmuhit Elektr energiya iste molchilari Himoya tizimlari Doimiy tok iste molchilari Shamollatish va havoni kondensionerlash K O zgaruvchan tok iste molchilari H VEWQBesh sathli M1 makromodelli telekommunikatsiya obyekti elektr ta’minoti XM^MQMRMRKM]IVEV\MOXY^MPMWLM U11 i Elektr energiya ishlab chiqarish tizimlari U12 j Elektr energiyasini zaxiralash tizimlari (EEZT) Umumiy elektr ta minoti tizimlari С11 i Dizel Benzin Yoqilg i elementlari С12 j С13 k Quyosh energiyasi (QE) Shamol energiyasi (ShE) Akkumulyatir batareyalari (AB) Ichki elektr stansiya Gaz С14 m Germitik (GAB) Nogermitik (NGAB) Iyerarxiyaning I-sathi (Elektr energiya manbalari (EM)) VEWQ-]IVEV\M]ERMRK-WEXLM U21 k Elektr energiyani o zgartirish tizimlari С21 f С21 i To g rilash qurilmasi (TQ) Kuchlanish konvartorlari (KK) Kuchlanish invertorlari (KI) Iyerarxiyaning II-Sathi (Elektr energiya o zgartirgichlari (EEO )) VEWQ-]IVEV\M]ERMRK--WEXLM 127

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil U31 i U32 m Energiyani uzatish va taqsimlash tarmog i (EUTT) Kommutatsiya tizimlari (КТ) С31 i U33 n С34 m Radial-magistral elektr tarmog i (RMET) Radial elektr tarmog i (RET) Zaxirani avtomatik ulash (ZAU) Aralash ET Markazlashgan ET Markazlashtirilma gan ET Magistral elektr tarmog i (MET) С32 j Kirishtaqsimlash shkafi (KTSh) С33 k Doimiy tok tarmog i (DC) O zgaruvchan tok tarmog i (АC) Iyerarxiyaning III-sathi (Elektr energiyani kommutatsiyalash, uzatish va taqsimlash) VEWQ-]IVEV\M]ERMRK---WEXLM U41 p U42 q Himoyalash tizimi (HT) С41 i Yerga ulash tizimi Chaqmoq urishga qarshi himoya tizimi Shamollatish va havoni kondensionerlash tizimi U51 s U52 r Doimiy tok iste molchilari O zgaruvchan tok iste molchilari Iyerarxiyaning IV-sathi (Xavfsizlik va atrof-muhit) Iyerarxiyaning V-Sathi (Elektr evergiya iste molchilari) VEWQ-]IVEV\M]ERMRK-:ZE:WEXLM Elektr energiya iste’molchilari quyi tizimi bir qator funksional xususiyatlarga ko‘ra qo‘yidagicha tasniflaymiz: OMVMWLtokining xarakteriga ko‘ra: doimiy va o‘zgaruvchan tok iste’molchilari; kirishdagi kuchlanish og‘ishi bo‘yicha: kuchlanishni boshqarish va kuchlanishni FSWLUEVQEWPMO qurilmalarning elektr ta’minotini uzluksizligi bo‘yicha: uzluksiz va kafolatlangan. 4arametrik xususiyatlariga ko‘ra: kuvvati bo‘yicha: iste’mol quvvati 2 kVt gacha va quvvati 2 kVt dan ortiq bo‘lgan UYVMPQEPEV elektr ta’minoti kuchlanish sathi bo‘yicha: doimiy tok zanjiridagi kuchlanishlar 24 V, 48 V, 60 V, o‘zgaruvchan tok zanjiridaIWE::: <YPSWE 128

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 1. Modellashtirish usullarining tahlili shuni ko‘rsatdiki, elektr ta’minoti tizimining M]IVEV\MOHEVE\XPEVMHEQSVJSPSKMOXELPMPYWYPMIRKQEUFYPYWYPLMWSFPEREHM )PIOXV IRIVKM]E WMJEXMRMRK IRK ]E\WLM ko‘rsatkichlarini bo‘yicha elektr ta’minoti XM^MQMRMRK EZXSQEXPEWLXMVMPKER PS]MLEPEWL XM^MQPEVMRM ]EVEXMWL WLYRMRKHIO XYVPM M]IVEV\MO sathdagi elementlar o‘rtasidagi aloqalarni o‘rnatish uchun eng maqbul modellash to‘plami LMWSFPEREHM 3. Elektr ta’minotM XM^MQPEVMRM XELPMP UMPMWLRMRK XM^MQPM ]SRHEWLYZM YRMRK XEVOMFMKE kiruvchi qo‘yi tizimlarning klassifikatsion xususiyatlari ierarxiyasi tartibli majmuini shakllantirish, kelajakda M1 makromodelining bir qismi bo‘lgan morfologik daraxt va WYFKVEJPEVRM ]EVEXMWL QEOVSQSHIP HEVE\XMRMRK XYKYRPEVM SVEWMHEKM VEQ^M]VEUEQPM munosabatlarni matritsalar ko‘rinishida shaklllantirish imkonini beradi. Adabiyotlar 5SHMVSZ* 1IXLSHWERHEPKSVMXLQWJSVHIXIVQMRMRKXLISTXMQEPWXVYGXYVI SJXLIXIPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRWTS[IVWYTTP]W]WXIQFEWIHSRQSVTLSPSKMGEPW]RXLIWMW-R)7 ;IFSJ'SRJIVIRGIW :SPT )(47GMIRGIW 5SHMVSZ* 5SHMVSZE7 %PKSVMXLQWSJHIXIVQMRMRKXLISTXMQEPWXVYGXYVI SJEXIPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRWTS[IVWYTTP]W]WXIQFEWIHSRQSVTLSPSKMGEPW]RXLIWMW 3. Sapaev M., Qodirov F.M., Qodirova S.F. Elektr ta’minoti tizimining telekommunikatsiya obyekti bilan o‘zaro ta’sir mexanizmi. Muxammad al<SVE^QM] avlodlari, № 1(19), mart 2022. –F 4. Қодиров Ф.М., Аюпова Д.А., Тохиров Қ.М., & Торабаева Н.П. (2023). Инфокоммуникация тизимлари электр таъминотининг морфологик таҳлил қилишнинг алгоритмини ишлаб чиқиш. Образование наука и инновационные идеи в мире, 22(8), 40– 5SHMVSZ * 3TXMQM^EXMSR SJ XIPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRW TS[IV WYTTP] W]WXIQW FEWIHSRVIPMEFMPMX]GVMXIVME7GMIRGIERHMRRSZEXMSR % %REXSPIZRE%( 1MWPMHHMRSZMGL5* .YRI -RJSOSQQYRMOEXWM]EIPIOXV ta’minoti tizimlarining parametrik va strukturaviy tahlil qilishni optimallashtirish. In “Canada” MRXIVREXMSREPGSRJIVIRGISRHIZIPSTQIRXWMRIHYGEXMSRWGMIRGIWERHLYQERMXMIW :SP2S 5SHMVSZ*7EMHSZE+ %K^EQSZE1 (IZIPSTQIRXSJEQYPXMPIZIPQSHIP SJXLIXIPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRWTS[IVWYTTP]W]WXIQXLVSYKLQSVTLSPSKMGEPEREP]WMW7GMIRGI ERHMRRSZEXMSR 5SHMVSZ * 7EMHSZE + %K^EQSZE 1 (IZIPSTQIRX SJ E HIWMKR EPKSVMXLQ JSV XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ EYXSQEXIH GSRXVSP W]WXIQW MR E XIPIGSQQYRMGEXMSRW WSYVGI7GMIRGIERH-RRSZEXMSR 9. Qodirov, F. M. (2022). Telekommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti tizimini morfologik sintez orqali uning optimal strukturasini aniqlash. Мухаммад ал Хоразмий авлодлари илмийамалий ва ахбороттаҳлилий журнал, 4, 22. 9QEVSZ71E\EQQEXSZ(%OLYRSZ* 5SHMVSZ* 2SZIQFIV 8LI 129

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil QEXLIQEXMGEPQSHIPJSVGEPGYPEXMRKXVERWMIRXQSHIWSJEZEPZIGSRZIVXIV-R%-4'SRJIVIRGI 4VSGIIHMRKW :SP2S %-44YFPMWLMRK 11. Кодиров, Ф. М. (2016). Комбинированное управление источниками реактивной мощности в электрических сетях на основе блока микропроцессорного управления. Проблемы и достижения современной науки, (1), 98 12. Qodirov F.M. Telekommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti tizimlarini loyihalashda %/8HER JS]HEPERMWL m=ERKi O‘zbekistonda islohotlarni amalga oshirishda zamonaviy E\FSVSXOSQQYRMOEXWM]E XI\RSPSKM]EPEVMHER JS]HEPERMWL| QEZ^YWMHE <EPUEVS MPQM]EQEPM] OSRJIVIRXWM]E%RHMNSRSOXEFV]MPF 5SHMVSZ* 1SVJSPSKMOXELPMPSVUEPMXIPIOSQQYRMOEXWM]ESF]IOXMRMRKIPIOXV ta’minoti tizimi modelini ishlab chiqish. Ilmfan va ta’lim, 2(2(17). 14. Qodirov Fazliddin Misliddinovich (2024). Infokommunikatsiya elektr ta’minoti XM^MQPEVMRMRKIRIVKIXMOQI^SRPEVMRMXELPMPUMPMWLRMSTXMQEPPEWLXMVMWL7GMIRGIERHMRRSZEXMSR 7TIGMEP-WWYI HSM^IRSHS 15. Фазлиддин Мислиддинович Кадиров, Наталья Юрьевна Амурова, Сурайё Мунировна Абдуллаева, Елена Анатольевна Борисова. Энергетика нового образца, внедрение интеллектуальных сетей SMART GRID и возможности ее применения. Актуальные проблемы системы электроснабжения // Сборник трудов международной научнотехнической конференции. –Ташкент. ТашГТУ, 2022. &SVMWSZE =IPIRE %QYVSZE 2EXEP]E /SHMVSZ *E^PMHHMR %FHYPPE]IZE 7YVE]]S 2022). Computerized environmental monitoring systems. Universum: технические науки, 17. Э.Абдуллаев Ф.М. Кадиров, Ф.Д. Назаров. A method for improving the harmonic content of voltage and current. Информационные технологии и моделирование процессов в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях. Материалы I Международной молодежной школы конференции. 15–17 декабря 2016 130

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 1%8,)1%8-'%8->-1-(%8)2+0%1%0%62-=)',-7, Mardonjon To‘rayev “University of management and future technologies” universiteti katta oʻUMXYZGLMWM MRXIPIOXQX$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E 8I^MWHE QEXIQEXMO QEWEPEPEVRM LEP UMPYZGLM HEWXYVPEVHER FMVM FSʻPKER QEXLIQEXMGE XM^MQMHE XIRKPEQEPEV XIRKPEQEPEV WMWXIQEWM HMJJIVIRWMEP XIRKPEQEPEVRM ]IGLMFREXMNEPEVRMKVEJMOOS‘VMRMWLMHEXEWZMVPEWLFE]SRIXMPKER /EPMXWSʻ^PEV1EXLIQEXMGE7SPZI27SPZI(7SPZI4PSXXIRKPEQEXIRKPEQEPEVWMWXIQEWM WSRPMWMQZSPPMXMTFYXYRLEUMUM]OSQTPIOWWSR 1EXLIQEXMGE XM^MQMHE XIRKPEQEPEVRM WSRPM ZE WMQZSPPM ]IGLMWL YGLYR EWSWER 27SPZI?XOSV Y^KA ZE 27SPZI?XOSV Y^K XMTA 7SPZI?XOSV Y^KA ZE 7SPZI?XOSV Y^K XMTA RSQPM funksiyalar qo’llaniladi. Bu yerda, XOSVtenglamaning yoki tenglamalar sistemasini ko’rinishi; Y^K–o’zgaruvGLMPEVLEQHEXMTo’zgaruvchilardan qaysi tip(butun, haqiqiy yoki kompleks son)ga tegishlilarini chiqarish kerakligini bildiradi. Ko’rsatiladigan parametrlar uzg]SOMXOSV ro’yxat({}) ko’rinishida yoki && simvol orqali birlashtirilgan ifodalar ko’rinishida bo’lishi QYQOMR8IRKPEQEPEVRMMJSHEPE]HMKERXOSVHEIWEXIRKPMOFIPKMWMWMJEXMHE!!FIPKMPEVOIXQE OIXPMKMMWLPEXMPEHM \E\!OZEHVEXXIRKPEQERM]IGLMWLRMko‘raylik. Bu uchun 𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒[𝒙𝒙^𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝟏𝟏 == 𝟎𝟎, 𝒙𝒙] HIF]S^MFREXMNESPMWLYGLYRShifr+enter yoki qo‘shimcha klavishlardan enter klavishini bossak, UY]MHEKMREXMNEGLMUEHM Bunda In[1], Out[1] larni dasturning o‘zi avtomatik qo‘yib boradi. &MPHMVMPKERJMOVPEVRMUY]MHEOIPXMVMPKERQMWSPPEVHE]EREHE]EUUSPVSUXYWLYRMFSPMWLQYQOMR 7SRPM ]IGLMWL XEUVMFM] UM]QEXM OIVEO FSDPKERHE 2? A JYROWM]EWMHER JS]HEPEREQM^ &YRHE —SPHMRKMREXMNEHERJS]HEPERMPMWLMRMFMPHMVEHM ]SOM27SPZIJYROWM]EWMHERJS]HEPERMWLQYQOMR (MJJIVIRWMEPXIRKPEQEPEVRMWMQZSPPM]IGLMWL 131

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil (MJJIVIRWMEP XIRKPEQEPEVRM WMQZSPPM ]IGLMWL YGLYR EWSWER UY]MHEKM JYROWM]EPEVHER JS]HEPERMPEHM (7SPZI?IUR Y?\A \A bog’liqsiz o’zgaruvchi x bo’yicha u[x] funksiyaga nisbatan eqn HMJJIVIRWMEPXIRKPEQERM]IGLMQMRMM^PE]HM (7SPZI?_IUR IUR a _Y?\ A a _\ aA HMJJIVIRWMEP XIRKPEQEPEV WMWXIQEWMRM ]IGLEHM 1MWSPPEV (MJJIVIRWMEPXIRKPEQEPEVRMRKEREPMXMO]IGLMQPEVMREJEUEXIPIQIRXEVJYROWM]EPEVRMFEPOM QE\WYWQEXIQEXMOJYROWM]EPEVRMLam o’z ichiga olishi mumkin. %HEFM]SXPEV • • Qurbonov B., To‘rayev M. Mathematica 8 dasturi. Uslubiy qo’llanma. Buxoro Mathematica 8 ning ma’lumotlar tizimi (help menyusi). 132

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil +-78303+-/8%7:-60%6(%+-1%:.9(73,%0%62-3ʻ0',%7,9790- *EV\SH1IPM]IZ1EZPYHE2YKQERSZE Raqamli texnologiyalar va sunʼiy intellektni rivojlantirish ilmiy tadqiqot instituti JEVLSHXSVK$KQEMPGSQ %RRSXEXWM]E1E^OYV MWLHE KMWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEVRM WIKQIRXPEWL ZE YPEVHE QEZNYH WSLEPEVRM FIPKMPEF YPEVRMRK SʻPGLEQPEVMRM ERMUPEWL YWYPPEVM XEHUMU UMPMRKER +MWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEVRM FSʻWEKʻEZM] WIKQIRXPEWL YWYPM XEHUMU UMPMRMF XEWZMV GLIKEVEPEVMHE FSʻPKER ZE XEWZMVHE XSʻPMU RSQS]SR FSʻPQEKER WSLEPEVRM SPMF XEWLPEWL YWYPM XEOPMJ IXMPKER 8EWZMVHEKM WSLEPEVKE RMWLSRPEV USʻ]MWL YPEVRM XYVPM VERKPEVKE FSʻ]EWL SʻPGLEQPEVMRM XYVPM \EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVFSʻ]MGLEERMUPEWLYWYPMOIPXMVMPKER /EPMX WSʻ^PEV KMWXSPSKMO XEWZMV XEWZMVPEVKE VEUEQPM MWLPSZ FIVMWL WIKQIRXPEWL FSʻWEKʻEZM]JYROWM]EWMRJPEVEVSHMWTIVWM]E /MVMWL >EQSREZM]XMFFM]XEWZMVPEVKEMWLPSZFIVMWLYWYPPEVMXEWL\MWERMUPMKMZEWEQEVEHSVPMKMRM SWLMVMWLHE E]RMUWE KMWXSPSKM]E WSLEWMHE QYLMQ VSP Sʻ]RE]HM ?A ,S^MVKM XMFFM] HMEKRSWXMOEHE FIQSVPEVRMRK XSʻUMQEPEVM ZE LYNE]VEPEVM LEUMHE QEʼPYQSX SPMWL YGLYR KMWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEV OIRK USʻPPERMPEHM 8MFFM]SX WSLEWMHE XEWZMVPEVRM SPMWLRMRK VEUEQPM KMWXSPSKM]EOEFM]YUSVMXI\RSPSKM]EPMYWYPPEVMTE]HSFSʻPMWLMFMPERSPMRKERQEʼPYQSXPEVRMUE]XE MWLPEWLZEXELPMPUMPMWLRMRKEZXSQEXPEWLXMVMPKERYWYPPEVMKEILXM]SNSVXHM?A9WLFYWSLEHEKM EWSWM]QYEQQSPEVHERFMVMKMWXSPSKMOXEWZMVPEVHEFMSPSKMOXY^MPQEPEVLENQMZEGLIKEVEPEVMRM EZXSQEXPEWLXMVMPKER XEV^HE ERMUPEWLHMV +MWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEVHE WSLEPEVRMRK SʻPGLEQMRM ERMUPEWLQEʼPYQSXPEVRMXELPMPUMPMWLNEVE]SRMHEKMEWSWM]UEHEQFSʻPMFYRMEZXSQEXPEWLXMVMWL XMFFM]XEHUMUSXPEVRMRKERMUPMKMZEWEQEVEHSVPMKMRMWI^MPEVPMHEVENEHESWLMVMWLMQYQOMR&MVSU KMWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEVHE FMSPSKMO WSLEPEVRMRK ERMU ZE WEQEVEPM SʻPGLEQPEVMRM ERMUPEWL HMEKRSWXMOE ZE HEZSPEWLRM VINEPEWLXMVMWL YGLYR ERMUVSU QEʼPYQSXPEVRM XEUHMQ IXMWL YGLYR QYLMQQEWEPEFSʻPMFUSPQSUHE 1EWEPERMRKUSʻ]MPMWLM +MWXSPSKMO XEWZMVRM 𝑀𝑀 × 𝑁𝑁 SʻPGLEQHEKM - QEXVMXWE WLEOPMHE SPMF FYRHE LEV FMV 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 IPIQIRX TMOWIPRMRK (𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗) TS^MXWM]EWMHEKM MRXIRWMZPMKMRM MJSHEPE]HM & XEWZMVRM FSʻWEKʻEZM] WIKQIRXPEWL SVUEPM SPMRKER FMREV XEWZMV FSʻPWMR FYRHE 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 RMRK LEV FMV IPIQIRXM TMOWIP XERPERKERWSLEKEXIKMWLPMFSʻPWEKEEOWLSPHEKEXIRK 7SLEPEVRMRKSʻPGLEQPEVMRMERMUPEWLYGLYRUY]MHEKMFIPKMPEWLPEVRMOMVMXEQM^ 6FSʻWEKʻEZM]WIKQIRXPEWLFMPERERMUPERKERWSLEPEVXSʻTPEQMFSʻPWMR,EVFMV𝑟𝑟 ∈ 𝑅𝑅WSLE& FMREVXEWZMVMHEKMTMOWIPPEVXSʻTPEQMRMMJSHEPE]HM 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 !{ 1, a𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 I𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ≥ T 0, agar I𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 < T ,EVFMV𝑟𝑟 ∈ 𝑅𝑅WSLEYGLYRpiksellar soni, yaʼni uning 𝐴𝐴𝑟𝑟 SʻPGLEQMRMERMUPEWLOIVEOFSʻPWMR Ari = ∑(i,j)∈ri 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 1EUWEH𝑅𝑅 = {𝑟𝑟1 , 𝑟𝑟2 , … , 𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘 }XSʻTPEQRMRKKMWXSPSKMOXEWZMVHEKMSʻPGLEQPEVMFMSPSKMOXY^MPQEPEVKE QSW OIPEHMKER WSLEPEVMRM Sʻz ichiga olishini taʼminlaydigan 8 FSʻWEKʻEZM] UM]QEXRM XSTMWLHER MFSVEXHMV 133

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil 8EOPMJIXMPE]SXKERYWYPPEV &SʻWEKʻEZM]WIKQIRXEXWM]E &SʻWEKʻEZM] WIKQIRXEXWM]ERMRK EWSWM] KʻS]EWM ]SVUMRPMO ]SOM VERK UM]QEXM YGLYR WLYRHE] FSʻWEKʻEZM] UM]QEXRM FIPKMPEWLHER MFSVEX FSʻPEHMOM YRHE TMOWIP Y ]SOM FY WMRJKE XIKMWLPM HIF LMWSFPEREHM ?A >EQSREZM] QEWEPEPEVHE XEWZMVRM FMREVM^EXWM]E UMPMWL YGLYR STXMQEP FSʻWEKʻEZM] UM]QEXMRM EZXSQEXMO VEZMWLHE LMWSFPEWL OIVEO FSʻPEHM &YRHE] QEWEPEPEVHE XEWZMVRM FMREVPEWLXMVMWLRMRK FSʻWEKʻEZM] UM]QEXMRM EZXSQEXMO LMWSFPEWL YGLYR 3XWYYWYPMOIRKUSʻPPERMPEHM?A3XWYpiksellarning ikkita sinfi: fon va obʼekt (yoki fon va old JSR SʻVXEWMHEKMENVEXMWLRMQEOWMQEPHEVENEHESWLMVEHMKERQI^SRRMXEOPMJUMPHM?A1EXIQEXMO NMLEXHER Y WMRJ MGLMHEKM HMWTIVWM]ERM QMRMQEPPEWLXMVMWL ZE WMRJPEVEVS HMWTIVWM]ERM QEOWMQEPPEWLXMVMWLKEEWSWPEREHMZEYRMUY]MHEKMFSWUMGLPEVFMPERXEZWMJPEWLQYQOMR ,EVFMV]SVUMRPMOHEVENEWMRMRKTE]HSFSʻPMWLILXMQSPM𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖)RMLMWSFPEWL 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖) = 𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖 FYRHE𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 ]SVUMRPMOHEVENEWM𝑖𝑖FSʻPKERTMOWIPPEVWSRM2XEWZMVHEKMTMOWIPPEVRMRKYQYQM]WSRM -OOM𝑤𝑤0 (𝑡𝑡)ZE𝑤𝑤1 (𝑡𝑡)WMRJPEVYGLYRYQYQM]ILXMQSPPMORMLMWSFPEWL 𝐿𝐿−1 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖) 𝑤𝑤0 (𝑡𝑡) = ∑𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖=0 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖)𝑤𝑤1 (𝑡𝑡) = ∑𝑖𝑖=𝑡𝑡+1 FYRHE 𝑤𝑤0 (𝑡𝑡)]SVUMRPMOHEVENEWM𝑡𝑡HEROEQFSʻPKERFEVGLETMOWIPPEVRMRKYQYQM]ILXMQSPM 𝑤𝑤1 (𝑡𝑡) ]SVUMRPMO HEVENEWM 𝑡𝑡 HER OEXXE FSʻPKER FEVGLE TMOWIPPEVRMRK YQYQM] ILXMQSPM 𝐿𝐿 ]SVUMRPMOHEVENEPEVMRMRKYQYQM]QMUHSVM -OOM𝜇𝜇0 (𝑡𝑡)ZE𝜇𝜇1 (𝑡𝑡)WMRJYGLYRSʻVXEGLEUM]QEXPEVRMLMWSFPEWL 1 1 𝐿𝐿−1 𝑖𝑖 ∙ 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖) 𝜇𝜇0 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑤𝑤 (𝑡𝑡) ∑𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖=0 𝑖𝑖 ∙ 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖)𝜇𝜇1 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑤𝑤 (𝑡𝑡) ∑𝑖𝑖=𝑡𝑡+1 0 1 -OOM𝜎𝜎02 (𝑡𝑡)ZE𝜎𝜎12 (𝑡𝑡)WMRJYGLYRWMRJMGLMHEKMHMWTIVWM]ERMLMWSFPEWL 1 𝜎𝜎02 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑤𝑤 (𝑡𝑡) ∑𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖=0(𝑖𝑖 − 𝜇𝜇0 (𝑡𝑡))2 ∙ 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖) 1 0 𝐿𝐿−1 𝜎𝜎12 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑤𝑤 (𝑡𝑡) ∑𝑖𝑖=𝑡𝑡+1 (𝑖𝑖 − 𝜇𝜇1 (𝑡𝑡))2 ∙ 𝑝𝑝(𝑖𝑖) 1 7MRJPEVEVSHMWTIVWM]ERMLMWSFPEWL𝜎𝜎 2 (𝑡𝑡) 𝜎𝜎 2 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑤𝑤0 (𝑡𝑡) ∙ 𝑤𝑤1 (𝑡𝑡) ∙ (𝜇𝜇0 (𝑡𝑡) − 𝜇𝜇1 (𝑡𝑡))2 3XWYQI^SRMKEOSʻVEFSʻWEKʻEZM]UM]QEXRMXERPEWL 𝑡𝑡 ∗ = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜎𝜎 2 (𝑡𝑡) 𝑡𝑡 UEHEQHESPMRKER𝑡𝑡 FSʻWEKʻEZM]UM]QEXXEWZMVRMFMREVM^EXWM]EUMPMWLYGLYRSTXMQEP FSʻWEKʻEZM]UM]QEXFSʻPEHM=SVUMRPMOHEVENEWM𝑡𝑡 ∗ HEROEQ]SOMYRKEXIRKFSʻPKERTMOWIPPEV FMVWMRJ]SVUMRPMKMHEVENEWM𝑡𝑡 ∗ HEROEXXEVSUTMOWIPPEVFSWLUEWMRJLMWSFPEREHM ∗ +MWXSPSKMOXEWZMVPEVQYVEOOEFXEVOMFKEIKEFSʻPKERPMKMZEXSʻUMQEPEVRMRKQMOVSWOSTMO XEWZMVPEVMRM MJSHEPEKERPMKM WEFEFPM FYRHE] XEWZMVPEVHE FEʼ^M EVXIJEOXPEV WLSZUMRPEV XEWZMVKE XSʻPMU ]SOM UMWQER OMVQEKER SFʼIOXPEVRMRK WSLEPEVM WLYRMRKHIO XEWZMVRMRK GLIKEVEPEVKE XIKMF USPKER WSLEPEV FSʻPMWLM QYQOMR ?A 2SERMUPMOPEVKE ]SʻP USʻ]QEWPMO YGLYR SHEXHE FYRHE] WSLEPEVRM SPMF XEWLPEWL XEZWM]E IXMPEHM &YRHE] WSLEPEVRM SPMF XEWLPEWL YGLYR UY]MHEKMYWYPHERJS]HEPERMWLQYQOMR 8EWZMVGLIKEVEWMKEXIKMFXYVKERWSLEPEVRMSPMFXEWLPEWLYWYPM *EVE^UMPE]PMO𝑍𝑍XEWZMVFIVMPKERFSʻPMF𝐴𝐴 × 𝐵𝐵YRMRKSʻPGLEQPEVMFSʻPWMRYRHE𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 TMOWIPRMRK MN 134

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil TS^MXWM]EHEKMMRXIRWMZPMKMRMMJSHEPEWMR-RXIRWMZPMOUM]QEXPEVM?ASVEPMUHEHIFUEFYPUMPMREHMFYRHE 0 qora (fon), 1 oq (obʼekt). 8EWZMVGLIKEVEWMKEXIKMFXYVKERWSLEPEVRMSPMFXEWLPEWLYWYPMUY]MHEKMFSWUMGLPEVHEEQEPKE SWLMVMPEHM • • 'LIKEVEHEKMWSLEPEVRMERMUPEWLBinar tasvirni belgilab chiqamiz, yaʼni piksel sohaga tegishli FSʻPWE𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 !HIFSPMREHMEOWLSPHE𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 !KEXIRK 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = { 1, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 1 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑖𝑖 = 0 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑖𝑖 = 𝐴𝐴 − 1 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑗𝑗 = 0 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑗𝑗 = 𝐵𝐵 − 1 0, aks holda. 7SLEPEVRM SPMF XEWLPEWL&YRKE YWLFY WSLEPEVRMRK TMOWIP UM]QEXPEVMRM KE XIRKPEWLXMVMWL SVUEPMIVMWLMWLQYQOMR 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = { 0, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 1 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , aks holda. 7LYRHE] UMPMF QEXIQEXMO NMLEXHER FY YWYP XEWZMV GLIKEVEWMHEKM WSLEPEVKE XIKMWLPM TMOWIPPEV UM]QEXPEVMRM RSPKE XIRKPEWLXMVMWL YGLYR FMREV RMUSF ?A FMPER IPIQIRXPEVRM OSʻTE]XMVMWLSTIVEXWM]EWMUSʻPPEREHM 1EZNYHWSLEPEVRMRMWLSRPEWL FIPKMPEWL YWYPM 6EWQRMRK GLIXMHEKM WSLEPEV SPMF XEWLPERKERHER WSʻRK XEWZMVHEKM USPKER WSLEPEVRM RMWLSRPEWL FIPKMPEWL RMFSWLPEWLQYQOMR2MWLSRPEWLLEVFMVWSLEKERS]SF]SVPMU FYXYR WSR FIPKMPEWLRM ERKPEXEHM &YRM EQEPKE SWLMVMWL YGLYR UY]MHEKM YWYPHER JS]HEPERMWL QYQOMR 𝑄𝑄FMREVXEWZMVFIVMPKERFSʻPMFLEVFMVTMOWIP𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 FMPERFIPKMPERKERFSʻPWMRFYRHEMZEN TMOWIPOSSVHMREXEPEVM7LYRMRKHIOMOOMXEJYROXWM]EOMVMXEQM^𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 (𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗)TMOWIPRMWLSRMRM FYXYR WSR MJSHEPSZGLMJYROWM]EZE𝐻𝐻(𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗)(𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗)TMOWIPRMRKUSʻWLRMTMOWIPPEVXSʻTPEQMRMWEUPSZGLM JYROWM]EFSʻPWMR 3ʻ^EVSFSKʻPERKEROSQTSRIRXPEVRMERMUPEWL4MOWIPPEVUM]QEXMKEXIRKFSʻPMF WSLEKE XIKMWLPM YQYQM]GLIKEVEKEIKEFSʻPWEYPEVSʼ^EVSFSKʻPERKERLMWSFPEREHM 2MWLSRPEVRM ERMUPEWLNishonlash algoritmi oʼzaro bogʻPERKER OSQTSRIRXPEVKE YRMOEP RMWLSRPEVXE]MRPE]HM,EVFMVTMOWIPRMRKRMWLSRMRM𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 FMPERFIPKMPE]QM^ 2MWLSRPEWLEPKSVMXQM𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 = 0∀ (𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗) ∈ 𝑄𝑄 FEVGLETMOWIPPEVYGLYR 8EWZMV FSʻ]PEF ]YVMWL𝑄𝑄 HEKM LEV FMV (𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗) TMOWIP YGLYR %KEV𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 = 1 TMOWIP WSLEKE XIKMWLPMFSʻPWE ZE𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 = 0=ERKMRMWLSRRMSʻVREXMWL𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 = y𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 2MWLSRPEV MRXIVTSP]EXWM]EWM 𝐻𝐻(𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗) ∩ 𝐻𝐻(𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞) = ∅ FSʻPKER LEV FMV USʻWLRM (𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞) TMOWIP YGLYR%KEV𝑄𝑄𝑝𝑝,𝑞𝑞 = 1ZE𝑌𝑌𝑝𝑝,𝑞𝑞 ≠ 0FSʻPWEYRHE𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 =𝑌𝑌𝑝𝑝,𝑞𝑞 HIFSPMRWMR 8EOVSVPEWLPEVFEVGLETMOWIPPEVOSʻVMFGLMUMPKYRKEUEHEVXEOVSVPEREHM 2EXMNEHELEVFMVWSLEWMRS]SFRMWLSRFMPERFIPKMPERKER]ERKM𝑌𝑌XEWZMVKEIKEFSʻPEQM^ 7SLEPEVRMRKXYVPM\EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVMRMENVEXMFSPMWLYWYPM 2MWLSRPERKERHER WSʻRK XEWZMVHEKM WSLEPEVRMRK XYVPM \EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVMRM ENVEXMF SPMWL QYQOMR9WLFYMWLHERMWLSRPERKERWSLEPEVHERUY]MHEKM\EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVSPMREHM 7SLE]Y^EWM7WSLERMRK]Y^EWMFYWSLEHEKMTMOWIPPEVWSRM S = ∑𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 135

Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil FYRHE𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 (𝑖𝑖, 𝑗𝑗)TS^MXWM]EWMHEKMTMOWIPUM]QEXM 7SLERMRK QEWWE QEVOE^M7SLERMRK QEWWE QEVOE^M C WSLEHEKM FEVGLE TMOWIPPEV OSSVHMREXEPEVMRMRKSʻVXEGLEUM]QEXMWMJEXMHELMWSFPERMWLMQYQOMR ∑𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖∙𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 ∑𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑗𝑗∙𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 C= (∑ 𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 , ∑ 𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 ) )OZMZEPIRXHMEQIXV)OZMZEPIRXHMEQIXVERMWSLEFMPERFMV\MP]Y^EKEIKEFSʻPKERHSMVE HMEQIXVMWMJEXMHELMWSFPEWLQYQOMR 𝑆𝑆 E = 2 ⋅ √𝜋𝜋 3ʻVXEGLE MRXIRWMZPMO3ʻVXEGLE MRXIRWMZPMORM WSLEHEKM FEVGLE TMOWIPPEVRMRK SʻVXEGLE ]SVUMRPMKMUM]QEXMWMJEXMHELMWSFPEWLQYQOMR 𝑇𝑇 = ∑𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑆𝑆 3ʻ\WLEWLPMO3ʻ\WLEWLPMO ( WSLERMRK UEZEVMU OSʻTFYVGLEOOE UERGLEPMO Sʻ\WLEWLPMKMRM ERMUPE]HM ?A 3ʻ\WLEWLPMO WSLE ]Y^EWM 𝑆𝑆 RMRK YRMRK UEZEVMU OSʻTFYVGLEKM ]Y^EWM𝕊𝕊KERMWFEXMKEXIRK 2EXMNEPEV 𝑆𝑆 𝐷𝐷 = 𝕊𝕊 =YUSVMHEKMYWYPPEVRMRKMWLPEWLMEQEPHEIOWTIVMQIRXEPXEHUMUSXPEVFMPERXEWHMUPERKER Eksperimental tadqiqot obʼektlari sifatida inson oʻTOEWMRMRK KMWXSPSKMO XEWZMVPEVM XERPERKER VEWQ VEWQ-RWSRSʻTOEWMRMRKKMWXSPSKMOXEWZMVM E VERKPMXEWZMV F –WIKQIRXPERKERXEWZMV G GLIKEVEKEXIKMFXYVKERWSLEPEVRMSPMF XEWLPERKERMHEROI]MRREXMNE H WSLEPEVMRMRMWLSRPEWLREXMNEWM FVEWQHE JSVQYPEPEV]SVHEQMHEYWLFYXEWZMVRMRKFSʻWEKʻEZM]WIKQIRXEXWM]EWM REXMNEWM OSʻVWEXMPKER 6EWQ WIKQIRXEXWM]EWMHER WSʻRK ]YUSVMHEKM YWYP ZE JSVQYPEHER JS]HEPERMFXEWZMVGLIKEVEPEVMKEXIKMFXYVKERWSLEPEVRMSPMFXEWLPEWLQYQOMR3PMFXEWLPEWL REXMNEWMGVEWQHEOSʻVWEXMPKER 7LYRHER WSʻRK WSLEPEVRM RMWLSRPEWLRM FSWLPEWL QYQOMR ]EʼRM LEV FMV QMRXEUEKE RS]SFRMWLSR FYXYRWSR FIPKMPEWLQYQOMR&YRMRKYGLYR]YUSVMHEXEZWMJPERKERYWYPHER JS]HEPERMFXEWZMVFSʻ]PEFXSʻPMUSʻXMPEHMZEQEZNYHWSLEPEVKERMWLSRPEVXE]MRPEREHMWLYFMPER FMVKE YPEV XYVPM \MP VERKPEV FMPER FSʻ]EPEHM 6EWQ WSLEPEVMRM RMWLSRPEWL REXMNEWM HVEWQHE OSʻVWEXMPKER 2MWLSRPERKERHERWSʻRKWSLEPEVHER\EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVENVEXMPKERNEHZEPHEFMVMRGLMZE S\MVKMFIWLXEWSLEPEVRMRK\EVEOXIVMWXMOEPEVMOSʻVWEXMPKER 136

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Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 24-25-aprel, 2024-yil *YXYVI%TTPMGEXMSRW7TVMRKIVT -&EROQER,ERHFSSOSJ1IHMGEP-QEKI4VSGIWWMRKERH%REP]WMWRH)HMXMSR(IGIQFIV T 1>EVIPPE'=ISL(&VIIR*+EVGME.%REVM4+MRXIV&/RYHWIR%TVEGXMGEPKYMHIXS [LSPIWPMHIMQEKMRKE[LMXITETIVJVSQXLIHMKMXEPTEXLSPSK]EWWSGMEXMSR%VGLMZIWSJTEXLSPSK] PEFSVEXSV]QIHMGMRI TT 6 +SR^EPI^ 6 ;SSHW (MKMXEP -QEKI 4VSGIWWMRK VH IHMXMSR GSVVIGXIH ERH IRPEVKIH 1SWGS[8IGLRSWTLIVIT 23XWY%XLVIWLSPHWIPIGXMSRQIXLSHJVSQKVE]PIZIPLMWXSKVEQW-)))XVERWEGXMSRWSR W]WXIQWQERERHG]FIVRIXMGW Абламейко С., Недзвед А. Обработка оптических изображений клеточной структуры в медицине. –Мн.: ОИПИ НАН Беларуси, 2005. –156с. 1*VIIQER8LI4LSXSKrapherʼs Eye: Composition and Design for Better Digital Photos *SGEP4VIWW–T 138

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